August 1, 2020 (Saturday) Original
November 25, 2020 (Wednesday) Updated
¡@
º~¦rªe¬¥µ®v¸ê°ö°V±Ð§÷(50Á¿)
³\ªQ«i ½sµÛ »O¥_¥«
By Robert S. Hsu, Ph.D., R.Ph.(California) ©Copyright 2020.
¡@
º~¦rªe¬¥µ®v¸ê°ö°V±Ð§÷ (50B):
´ï
ªe¬¥µÅª¦¨
tim2 ©Î
tiam2 ¨I¤],
¨S¤]
¥X¦Û
<¥v°O
¥q°¨¬Û¦p¶Ç>(§@ªÌ¥q°¨¾E145BC
- ¬ù90BC)):
¡§´ï´ïÁôÁô."
¯«ª`:
ªe¬¥µÅª¦¨
tim tim2 un un4 ©Î
tiam tiam2 ujn un4
¨I¨IÁôÁô¤],
²`¨IÁô¨S¤].
¤S
<º~®Ñ>(¯Z©TµÛ):
---¯B´ï---.
¯«ª`:
ªe¬¥µÅª¦¨
p(h)u tim2 ©Î
p(h)u tiam2 ¯B¨I¤].
¨Ò:
°µ¤H´ïÁô
tsou4 lang2 tim un4
¬°¤H²`¨I¤].
¤S¨Ò:
£¸¥Í¯B´ï
it4 sen p(h)u tiam2
¤@¥Í¯B¨I¤]..
<»¡¤å>(ªFº~³\·VµÛ,
¦è¤¸121¦~¦¨®Ñ):
´ï,
¨S¤]
.<»¡¤å¸Ñ¦rµþªL1928AD>(¦¿Ä¬µL¿ü¤H
¤BºÖ«O¼Wq):
´ï,
ª½ªL¤Á.
¯«ª`:
ªe¬¥µÅª¦¨
tit lim2¤Á,
¤Á¦¨
t + im2 = tim2. ¤S
<»¡¤å¸Ñ¦rµþªL>:
´ï,
¦v´î¤Á.
¯«ª`:
ªe¬¥µÅª¦¨
te3 kiam¤Á,
¤Á¦¨
t + iam = tiam2. ´ï
¤µ¦r
¨I¤].
8/21/2020 (Friday).
¯«¹A¤l½sµÛ
º~¦rªe¬¥µ®v¸ê°ö°V±Ð§÷ (50A):
´ï´ï
ªe¬¥µÅª¦¨ tam
tam2 Àã¤].
¥X¦Û <¸Ö
¤p¶®
´ïÅS>(<¸Ö¸g>¦è¤¸«e11¥@¬ö
- 6¥@¬ö,
¬ù500-600¦~ªe¬¥º~»y§@«~,
©ã¥x»yÃý):
"´ï´ïÅS´µ."
¤ò <¶Ç>:
"´ï´ï,
ÅSZ²±»ª."
¯«ª`: "´ï´ïÅS´µ"
tam tam2 lo3 si "ÅS¤ô¦h,
·Ã¤].
´ïâuâu
ªe¬¥µÅª¦¨tam
lok4 lok5, ·Ã³z¤].
¥X¦Û <¦è¹C°O>:
¡§¤K§Ù¸õ°_¨Ó¡A²æ¤U¦ç»n¡A¾ã°®¤F¤ô¡A§Ý¤@§Ý¡A¼éâuâuªº©Ü¦b¨¤W.¡¨
¯«ª`:
¼éâuâu
´ïâuâu¤].
¤S <ª÷²~±ö>:
¡§ì¨Óª÷½¬³QÄñ(¯«ª`:
ªe¬¥µÅª¦¨
tinn2)¤F¤@¦^¡Aíë¤ôÀãâuâuªº¡A¦]¦¹¤£¶O¤O°e¶i¤F.
¯«ª`:
Àãâuâu
ª÷½¬³±¹D
´ïâuâu¤].
<»¡¤å¸Ñ¦rµþªL1928AD>(¦¿Ä¬µL¿ü¤H
¤BºÖ«O¼Wq):
´ï,
ª½±Ù¤Á
. ªe¬¥µÅª¦¨
tit5 tsam¤Á,
¤Á¦¨
t + am = tam. ¨Ò:
´ï´ï
tam tam2 Àã¤].
<»¡¤å¸Ñ¦rµþªL>:âu,
¿c¨¦¤Á.
¯«ª`:
ªe¬¥µÅª¦¨
lo2 kok5¤Á,
¤Á¦¨
l + ok5 = lok5. <»¡¤å>
:âu,
¤ô¤U»ª¤].
¯«ª`:
¤ô©¹¤Uºw/¬y¤].
âuâu
lok4 lok5 Àã¤].
8/20/2020 (Thursday). ¯«¹A¤l½sµÛ.
¡@
º~¦rªe¬¥µ®v¸ê°ö°V±Ð§÷ (49):
¦@¨®
ªe¬¥µÅª¦¨
kang3 ts(h)ia ¦P¨®¤].
¥X¦Û <¥v°O
±iÄÀ¤§¦C¶Ç >(§@ªÌ¥q°¨¾E145BC
- ¬ù90BC)):
¡§¤Ó¤l»P±ç¤ý¦@¨®¤J´Â."
¯«ª`:
¦@¨®¤J´Â
kang3 ts(h)ia jip3 tiau2 ¦P¨®¤W´Â¤].
¤S <º~®Ñ±ç§µ¤ý¥@®a>(<º~®Ñ>¼g¦èº~¥v,
202BC-8AD) : ¡§¬G¤ý¤J«h¨Í´º«Ò¦PÁI®ã¾«,
¥X«h¦P¨®´åÂy.¡¨
¤S <¥@»¡·s»y
>(ÃQ®Ê«n¥_´Â¤h¤H«ä·Q¨¥¦æ):
¡§®ÊªZ«Ò®É,
ÎA
¬°¤¤®ÑºÊ,
©M
¬°¥O,
¬G¨Æ,
ºÊ¥O¥Ñ¨Ó¦@¨®."
¯«ª`:
¦@¨®
kang3 ts(h)ia ¦P¨®¤].
<»¡¤å¸Ñ¦r121AD>(³\·VµÛ):
¦@
¦P¤].
<±dº³¦r¨å1716AD>:
¦@
´ë¥Î¤Á.
¯«ª`:
´ë¥Î¤Á
ªe¬¥µÅª¦¨
ki2 iong3¤Á,
¤Á¦¨
k + iong3 = kiong3 (¥hÁn,
§Y3rd
Án).
¦@
¤åŪµ
kiong3. ¨Ò:
¤½¦@¨T¨®
kong kiong3 k(h)i4 ts(h)ia.
¦@
¤f»yµ
kang3 ¦P¤].
¨Ò:
¦@¨®
kang3 ts(h)ia ¦P¨®¤].
¦@´Ú
kang3 k(h)uan4
¦P¼Ë¤],
¾lÃþ±À.
´ë¥Î¤Á
°ê»yµÅª¦¨
£¢£º£½
£º
£¶£¿
¤Á¤£¥X°ê»yµ
¦@£|£¹£¶£¿.
»OÆW¶Ç©Ó
쪩º~¤Hº~»y¤å©ú¦Ü¤µ
°¶«v!
8/15/2020 (Saturday).
¡@
º~¦rªe¬¥µ®v¸ê°ö°V±Ð§÷(48):
¹i
ªe¬¥µÅª¦¨
e ©Î
e3, ¯U¯¶¤].
¥X¦Û <¸Ö
¤j¶®
¥Í¥Á>(©P¥ß°ê¬ù800¦~,
©P¤H±N¥Áºq¼g¦¨¸Ö¸g
©ãªe¬¥µÃý ): ¡§½Ï¸m¤§¹i«Ñ.¡¨
¯«ª`:
¹i«Ñ
¯¶«Ñ¤]
¤S <§•Â§¾¹>:
¡§§g¤l¥H爲¹i¨o.¡¨
¯«ª`:
¹i
¯U¯¶¤].
¤S <©s¤l
¤½®]¤¡
¤W>(©s¤l372BC-289BC):
¡§§B¦i,
¹i.
¬h¤U´f,
¤£®¥.¡¨
¦¶¿Q <¶°ª`>
: ¡§¹i,
¯U¯¶¤].
¤£®¥,
²ºC¤].¡¨
¨Ò:
«Ñªü¹i¹iªühang
a4 e3 e a!. «Ñ¤l¯¶¯¶ªº¤].
<±dº³¦r¨å1716AD>:
¹i
¯Q¾Ó¤Á
ªe¬¥µÅª¦¨
o (Ū¦¨
aw) ke3¤Á,
¤Á¦¨
(µLÁn¥À)
+ e3 = e3. <¼sÃý>
(¦è¤¸1008¦~):
¡§¹i,
ÔE(¯«ª`:
¯U)¤],
®¤].¡¦
8/12/2020 (Wednesday).
¡@
º~¦rªe¬¥µ®v¸ê°ö°V±Ð§÷ (47):
¤p¥i
ªe¬¥µÅª¦¨
siou k(h)ua4 ¤p¨Æ¤].
¥X¦Û
«n§º<¤j§º«Å©M¿ò¨Æ>:
"§T¤F½²¤j®v¥Í¤é§ª«,
¤£¬O´M±`¤p¥i¤½¨Æ.
" ¯«ª`:
¤p¨Æ¤].
¤S
©ú<¥j¤µ©_Æ[>:
"¦¹±¾«D¤Z,
¦³¦Ê¤Q¤À¤~®ð,
¤£¬O¤p¥i."
¯«ª`:
¤µ¤é»OÆW»¡¦¨
¤£¬O¤p¥i¤j»x m3
si3 siou k(h)ua4 tai3 tsi3.
«D¤p¨Æ¤@¥ó¤].
ª÷°ê¥Õ¾ë(¦è¤¸1226-1306¦~)Âø¼@:
"«D¦P¤p¥i."
¯«ª`:
ª÷°ê
²v¤jx§ð¤U
»¯®a§º°ê¨Ê«°
¶}«Ê,
§º°ê«n¾EªC¦{,
³Î¤¤ì¤§¦a¤©ª÷°ê,
ª÷°ê¥Hº~¦r¥_¨Êµ
J¤Æ¤¤ìº~¤H ,
¬G¥Õ¾ë¤§§@«~
¥²¶·¥H
°ê»yµÅª¤§.
¨Ò:
°Ý:
·|µh¶Ü?
µª:
¤p¥i.
°Ý: e3
t(h)ia3nn bo3? µª:
siou k(h)ua4.
<±dº³¦r¨å1716AD>:
¥i
ªÖ§Ú¤Á.
ªe¬¥µÅª¦¨
k(h)eng4 gua4¤Á,
¤Á¦¨
k(h) + ua4 = k(h)ua4.
¯«ª`:
¤p¥i
¤@µü
¤µ¤é»OÆW¤§ªe¬¥º~»y«Ü¬y¦æ.
8/10/2020 (Monday).
¡@
º~¦rªe¬¥µ®v¸ê°ö°V±Ð§÷(46):
¤W
ªe¬¥µÅª¦¨ siang3 ·¥¤].
¥X¦Û <©P©ö °®±¾ ¤W¤E>: ¡§
¤Õ¿o¹F¤ê, ¡y¤W¤E, ¤®¶§¤§¦Ü¤j¦Ó·¥²±.
¡z¡¨ ¯«ª`: ¤W¤E ªe¬¥µÅª¦¨
siang3 kiu4 ¶§¤§·¥¤]. ¤S <©P©ö
©[±¾ ¤W¤»>: ¡§ ¤Õ¿o¹F¤ê,¡y¤W¤»,
¬O³±¤§¦Ü·¥.¡z¡¨ ¯«ª`:
¤W¤» ªe¬¥µÅª¦¨ siang3 liok5 ³±¤§·¥¤].
¤S <¯û¤l>(313 BC-238 BC): ¡§¦Ñ¨ªø¤l¤£ª¾´c¤],
¤Ò¬O¤§¿×¤W·M.¡¨ <¶°¸Ñ>: ¡§¤W·M,
µS¨¥·¥·M.¡¨ ¯«ª`: ¤W·M
ªe¬¥µÅª¦¨ siang3 gu5 ²Â¤§·¥¤]. ¤S
<²a«n¤l¥Æ½×°V>(¦èº~ ¼B¦wµÛ): ¡§¦Ó¤µ¦æ¬°¤W.¡¨
¯«ª`: ¤W, ·¥P¤].
¤S <ª÷²~±ö ¤T¤Q¤»>(©ú
): ¡§¥s¤F´C¤H, §A¤À¥I¥L¦n¤ï,
¤Wºò´À¥L´MµÛ.¡¨ ¯«ª`: ¤Wºò ªe¬¥µÅª¦¨
siang3 kin4 ³Ì§Ö¤]. ¤S <¤C«L¤¸q¤G¤Q¤E>(²M
): ¡§¥uÅ¥ªZ¥Í¹D: ¡u¤»ºi,
§ÚÌn¤W¦nªº°s, ®³¨â¿ú¨Ó.¡¨ ¯«ª`:
¤W¦n, ªe¬¥µÅª¦¨ siang3 hou4
³Ì¦n¤]. ¨Ò: ¤W¤[ ªe¬¥µÅª¦¨
siang3 ku4 ³Ì¤[¤]. ¤S¨Ò:
¤W®ü siang3 hai4 PRC¤W®ü¤].
<±dº³¦r¨å1716AD>: ¤W ®É´x¤Á.
¯«ª`: ªe¬¥µÅª¦¨ si2 tsiang4¤Á,
¤Á¦¨ s + iang4 = siang4. 7/28/2020 (Tuesday).
¡@
º~¦rªe¬¥µ®v¸ê°ö°V±Ð§÷(45):
ÂÃËW
ªe¬¥µÅª¦¨
ts(h)ang4 bi5 ¼ç¤ô¤].
¥X¦Û
<¥v°O¸ë½Ë¶Ç>:
¡§ËW²W濳¥H¦Û¬Ã¡¨
ÃC®v¥j(581AD-645AD)¤ê:
¡§ËW,
µ¨ý.¡¨
¯«ª`:
¨ý
ªe¬¥µÅª¦¨bi5.
ËW
¥_¨Êº~»yµÅª¦¨
¡y±K¡z©Î¡yª«¡z
±i®Ë¤ê:
¡§¼çÂä]¡¨
¯«ª`:
Âð_¨Ó
ªe¬¥µÅª¦¨
ts(h)ang3 k(h)i3 lai3.
¼ç¤ô
ªe¬¥µÅª¦¨
ts(h)ang4 tsui4.
ÂÃËW =
¼çËW
ªe¬¥µ¬ÒŪ¦¨
ts(h)ang4 bi5 ¼ç¤ô¤].
<±dº³¦r¨å1716AD>:
ËW
µ
±K
bit5 ©Î
ª«
but5. <±dº³¦r¨å>:
±K
¤S
µ
©ú¯¦¤Á.
¯«ª`:
©ú¯¦¤Á,
ªe¬¥µ
beng2 pi4¤Á,
¤Á¦¨
b + i4 = bi4. <¼sÃý1008AD>:
ËW
¼çÂä].
¯«ª`:
¦]¦¹
ËWĵ¹î
ªe¬¥µÅª¦¨
bi4 keng ts(h)at5
±N¦Û¤vÂð_¨Ó¸úĵ¹î¤]. 7/15/;2020 (Wednesday).
¡@
º~¦rªe¬¥µ®v¸ê°ö°V±Ð§÷(44B):
ËÌ,
ªe¬¥µÅª¦¨
kap5 ¦X¨Ö¤].
¨Ò:
10±iÁ¿¸q
Ȩ̈@
1¥»
tsap5 tiunn kang gi5 kap5 tsou4 tsit3 pun4. 10±iÁ¿¸q
¨Ö¦¨ 1¥»¤].
¤S
¨Ò:
Ȩ̈@¥ë kap5
tsou4 hue4 ¨Ö¦b¤@°_¤].
"»¡¤å¸Ñ¦rµþªL"(1928AD):
ËÌ
¥jÌî¤Á,
¯«ª`:
ªe¬¥µÅª¦¨
¥j
ko4 (¥Àµ§Yawµ),
Ìî
Ū¦¨
tap5, "¥jÌî"¤Á¦¨
k + ap5 = kap5, ¬G
ËÌ
ªe¬¥º~»yµÅª¦¨
kap5. ¡m¼sÃý•¤JÁn•1008AD¡n:
ËÌ,
¨ÖËÌ»E.
¡m¼sÃý•¤JÁn¡nËÌ,
¦X¤].
¯«
ª`:
ËÌ,
¦X¨Ö¤].
»OÆWªe¬¥º~»y
¶Ç©Ó
Ë̤§
µ»P©w¸q¦Ü¤µ,
¦ý°ê»y(¥_¨ÊJº~»P)¤£¥Î
¦¹¦r.. KMT¤£·|±Ð,
CPC¤£·|±Ð,
DPP¤£·|±Ð,
¬Fªv¤Hª«¤£³qº~¦r
´d«v!
ËÌ,
°ê»yµÅª¦¨
®æ
£|££½.
7/13/2020 (Monday).
¡@
º~¦rªe¬¥µ®v¸ê°ö°V±Ð§÷(44A):
¶ñ¶ñ ªe¬¥µÅª¦¨
tinn3 tinn (nnªí»óµ) º¡¤].
¥X¦Û <¯û¤l«D¤Q¤G¤l½g ¬ù316BC -
¬ù235BC>: ¡§¶ñ¶ñµM,
º¡¨¬¤§»ª¡¨ <¶°¸Ñ>: ¡§¶ñ¶ñªÌ,
¬Õº¡¤§®e.¡¨ ¤S <«áº~®Ñ ±Zìe¶Ç>:
¡§ ©Ò¦Ü¤§¿¤ º» --- ¶ñº¡.¡¨
¨Ò: ¤ô¬û¶ñ¶ñ ªe¬¥µÅª¦¨ tsui kng tinn3
tinn ¤ô¬ûº¡º¡¤].
<»¡¤å¸Ñ¦rµþªL 1928AD>), ¶ñ,
«Ý¦~¤Á . ªe¬¥µÅª¦¨ tai3 lian2¤Á,
¤Á¦¨ t + ian2 = tian2. ªe¬¥µ¤SŪ¦¨
tai3 ni2 ¤Á, ¤Á¦¨ t + i2 =
ti2. ¶ñ¶ñªe¬¥µÅª¦¨ tinn3 tinn (nnªí»óµ)
º¡º¡¤], ¬Õº¡ ¤]. »OÆWªe¬¥º~»y
¶Ç©Ó ¶ñ¶ñ µ»P©w¸q¦Ü¤µ, ¦ý°ê»y(¥_¨ÊJº~»y)¤£¥Î¶ñ¶ñ¤@µü.
7/12/2020 (Sunday).
¡@
º~¦rªe¬¥µ®v¸ê°ö°V±Ð§÷(43):
¹p¤½ ªe¬¥µÅª¦¨
lui kong ¹p¤]. ¤j¥Øªü ªe¬¥µÅª¦¨
tua3 bak5 a4 ¤j²´¤]. ¥X¦Û
<«áº~®Ñ ¦¶儁¶Ç> : ¡§¶À¤y¸é«á´_¦³---¨ä¤jÁnªÌºÙ¹p¤½---¤j²´ªÌ¬°¤j¥Ø.¡¨
<±dº³¦r¨å1716AD>: ¹p ¿c¦^¤Á,
¯«ª`: ªe¬¥µÅª¦¨ lo2 hue2¤Á,
¤Á¦¨ l + ue2 = lue2. ¤µµ
lui2. <±dº³¦r¨å>: ¥Ø ²ö¤»¤Á,
¯«ª`: ªe¬¥µÅª¦¨ bou2 lok5
¤Á, ¤Á¦¨ b + ok = bok5.
¨Ò: ¥Øªº ªe¬¥µÅª¦¨ bok5 tek5.
¥Ø ²ö¤»¤Á, , ªe¬¥µ¤SŪ¦¨ bou2
lak5¤Á, ¤Á¦¨ b + ak5 =
bak5. ¨Ò: ¤j¥Øªü ªe¬¥µÅª¦¨ tua3
bak5 a4. ¤j²´·ú¤]. »OÆWªe¬¥º~»y¶Ç©Ó ¹p¤½ »P ¤j¥Ø
2µü, ¥_¨ÊJ¤Æº~»y¤£¥Î. 7/7/2020
(Tuesday).
¡@
º~¦rªe¬¥µ®v¸ê°ö°V±Ð§÷(42):
¤H«È
ªe¬¥µÅª¦¨
lang k(h)e5 «È¤H¤].
¥X¦Û
ð
§ù¨j
(712AD-770AD) ¸Ö(
©M§õ¥Õ(701AD-762AD)»ô¦W,
¦³¸Ö1,400¾l½g,
³Q©^¬°¡y¸Ö¥v¡z¡y¸Ö¸t¡z.
´¿¦íªø¦w10¦~,
¹J¦w¥v¤§¶Ã,
«á¦í¦¨³£,
¤@¥Í½aW):
¡§Æk¤l¦n¨k¨à
li2, «e¦~¾Ç»y®É
si2; °Ýª¾¤H«È©m,
¨|±o¦Ñ¤Ò¸Ö
si.¡¨ ¯«ª`:
º~¦rªe¬¥µ
¦³3¦r©ã
i Ãý
<±dº³¦r¨å1716AD>:
¨à
¦¼²¾¤Á,
¯«ª`:
ªe¬¥µÅª¦¨
li4 i2 ¤Á,
¤Á¦¨
l + i2 = li2. <±dº³¦r¨å>:
®É
¨°¤§¤Á,
¯«ª`:
ªe¬¥µÅª¦¨
sin2 tsi ¤Á,
¤Á¦¨
s + i = si. <±dº³¦r¨å>:
¸Ö
®Ñ¤§
¤Á,
¯«ª`:
ªe¬¥µÅª¦¨ si tsi
¤Á,
¤Á¦¨ s
+ i = si. °ê»y/´¶³q¸Ü
¤£¥Î
¤H«È¤@µü,
¦ý»OÆWªe¬¥º~»y«o¶Ç©Ó¦Ü¤µ.
º~ð²±¥@ ¥þ°ê¤H¥ÁÁ¿ ¤H«È lang k(h)e, ¿ñª÷¤¸²M¤H§ï¦¨ «È¤H £}£¿ £ £¿ £§£´£½ . 7/4/2020 (Saturday). ¬ü°ê°ê¼y¤é.
¡@
º~¦rªe¬¥µ®v¸ê°ö°V±Ð§÷(41):
µL¼vµL¸ñ
ªe¬¥µÅª¦¨ bou
iann4 (nnªí»óµ)
bou tsia5¨S¦³¤],
«D¯u¹ê¤],
¥X¦Û<²a«n¤l
ì¹D°V> (§@ªÌ
¦èº~²a«n¤ý¼B¦w
179B.C.-122B.C., ¼B¨¹¤§®]):
¡§ ¸gÁ÷³·¦ÓµL迹,
·Ó¤é¥ú¦ÓµL´º(¼v).¡¨
¯«ª`:
迹
¸ñ¥j¦r;
´º,
¼v¥j¦r.
<±dº³¦r¨å1716AD>:µL
ªZ§ß¤Á,
¯«ª`:
ªe¬¥µÅª¦¨
bu4 hu2 ¤Á,
¤Á¦¨
b + u2 = bu2. ¤µ¤f»yµ
bou2.
<±dº³¦r¨å>:¼v
©ó¤þ¤Á,
¯«ª`:
ªe¬¥µÅª¦¨
i2 piann4 ¤Á,
¤Á¦¨
©ó¦rµLÁn¥À
+ iann4 = iann4.
¦]¦¹
µL¼v/¨S¼v
ªe¬¥µÅª¦¨
bou iann4 ¤£¬O¯uªº¤].
<±dº³¦r¨å>:
¸ñ
¸ê©õ¤Á,
ªe¬¥µÅª¦¨ tsu
sek5 ¤Á,
¤Á¦¨ ts
+ ek5 = tsek5. ¤µ¤f»yµ
tsia5 7/3/2020 (Friday).
¡@
º~¦rªe¬¥µ®v¸ê°ö°V±Ð§÷(40):
µL¼v/¨S¼v
ªe¬¥µÅª¦¨ bou
iann4 (nnªí»óµ)
¨S¦³¤],
«D¯u¹ê¤],
¥X¦Û<²a«n¤l
ì¹D°V> (§@ªÌ
¦èº~²a«n¤ý¼B¦w
179B.C.-122B.C., ¼B¨¹¤§®]):
¡§ ¸gÁ÷³·¦ÓµL迹,
·Ó¤é¥ú¦ÓµL´º(¼v).¡¨
¯«ª`:
´º,
¼v¥j¦r.
¤S <³ë¥@©ú¨¥>(©ú
¶¾¹ÚÀs): ¡§(«n§º
¸ë)¦ü¹D·Q°_©õ¤éÄm¸Ö³W¿Ï¤§«ë,
¤À¥I¤j¾Ç³Õ¤h,
´M¥L(¾G¶©)没¼vªº¸o¹L,
±N¥L
õ´°t®¦¦{.
¾G¶©¦b¸ô¤W¹Ã®ð¦Ó¦º.¡¨
¯«ª`:
¨S¼v
¨S¦³¤].
¨Ò 1:
¨S¼vªº¤j»x bou
iann4 e tai3 tsi3. ¨S¦³ªº¨Æ¤].
¨Ò2:
°Ý:
´±¦³¼v?
kam u3 iann4? ¦³³o¦^¨Æ?
µª:
¨S¼v°Õ
bou iann4 la3 ¨S¦³°Õ.
<±dº³¦r¨å1716AD>:
¨S
¥ÀªG¤Á,
¯«ª`:
ªe¬¥µÅª¦¨
bu4 kou4 ¤Á,
¤Á¦¨
b + ou4 = bou4, <±dº³¦r¨å>:µL
ªZ§ß¤Á,
¯«ª`:
ªe¬¥µÅª¦¨
bu4 hu2 ¤Á,
¤Á¦¨
b + u2 = bu2. ¤µ¤f»yµ
bou2.
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6/28/2020 (Sunday). .
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6/23/2020 (Tuesday).
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*¤µ¦~¬O¦è¤¸(C¿q½Ï¥Í¬ö¤¸) 2020¦~ (2020AD). *¤µ¦~¬O¹A¾ä(¶À¾ä)¬ö¤¸ ©°¤l¦~ 4,717¦~. *¹A¾ä(¶À¾ä)¬ö¤¸¤¸¦~ ¬O ¦è¤¸«e 2697¦~ (2697BC)(4,717-2020 = 2697BC). *¶À¾ä¬ö¤¸¤¸¦~ ¬O ¶À«Ò½Ï¥Í¤§¦~: ¦è¤¸«e 2697¦~ (2697BC). *¶À«Ò¾Ô³Ó°E¤×©óªe«n¬Ù Âû¤½¤s¤sÄS, Âû¤½¤s¬Oªe¬¥»y, ¬G¶À«ÒÁ¿ªe¬¥»y. *¤«Ò¤§¸·µÏ®É´Á, ¤j¬êªv¤ô©ó´ôªe, ´ôªeµo·½©ó ¥ÌµÂ¬Ù¤Ñ¤ôªþªñ¤§³¾¹«¤s, ³¾¹«¤s¬Oªe¬¥»y, ¦]¦¹µÏ¬ê2«ÒÁ¿ªe¬¥»y. ³¾¹«¤@µü¤]¼g¤J ©P°ê¤§ <¸Ö¸g> »Pð°ê¤§ð¸Ö. *¦Û¶À«Ò°_, ¤¤µØ«Ò°ê¥H¤z¤ä60¥Ò¤l¬ö¤¸¦Ü¤µ, 10ӤѤz»P12Ó¦a¤ä¤§º~¦rµ, ¨Ìº~¦r¥v¤W8³¡¦r¨å¤§°O¸ü , ¬Òª`¦¨ªe¬¥µ, ¥u¦³»X¥j¤H¤¸°ê®É´Á¤§¤@³¡¦r¨åª`¥_¨Ê µ(°ê»yµ/´¶³q¸Üµ). ¦]¦¹ ¤z¤ä¤§ªe¬¥µ°_¦Û¶À«Ò¬ö¤¸°_, ¦Ü¤µ¤w¾ú 4,717¦~. *¬Gº~¦rªe¬¥µ¤w¾ú 4,717¦~. *Á`¤§, ¤µ¦~¹A¾ä/¶À¾ä/ªe¬¥»y¬ö¤¸ ¬Ò¬O 4,717¦~¤], ±q¥¼¤¤Â_, ¤DÁ|¥@¤§°ß¤@¤]. °¶«v! 6/16/2020 (Tuesday).
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6/6/2020 (Saturday).
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º~¦rªe¬¥µ®v¸ê°ö°V±Ð§÷(29):
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º~¦rªe¬¥µ®v¸ê°ö°V±Ð§÷(28):
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tiam3 tiam ¦wÀR¤],
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i tiam3 tiam tsia3 sann wann puann3 (nnªí»óµ).
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6/2/2020 (Tuesday).
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º~¦rªe¬¥µ®v¸ê°ö°V±Ð§÷(27):
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sann nia4 ¤T¥ó¤].
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6/1/2020 (Monday).
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m¿Ç sann2 k(h)o3
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5/31/2020 (Sunday).
¡@
º~¦rªe¬¥µ®v¸ê°ö°V±Ð§÷(25):
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º~¦rªe¬¥µ®v¸ê°ö°V±Ð§÷(23):
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( ¡¥¤Ö·Ý¡¦
siau4 ia2¬O¨à¤l);
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11/14/2017 (Tues.)
¬¥§üÁF,
5/30/2020 (Saturdaqy) TPE.
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º~¦rªe¬¥µ®v¸ê°ö°V±Ð§÷(22):
º¸
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>: º¸
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Three Han scripts, ¡¥º¸
¦¼
§A¡¦,
all pronounced ¡¥li4¡¦ in traditional Han language, are equivalent to ¡¥you¡¦ in
English, but each of the 3 words is pronounced differently while carrying
identical meaning in Mandarin ! 10/11/2017 (Wed.) Los Angeles
¡@
º~¦rªe¬¥µ®v¸ê°ö°V±Ð§÷(21):
¤~½Õ:
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tsai5 tiau5 ¤~¯à¤],
¯à¤O¤].
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§@ªÌ21¤H):
"¤ý±µ¤~½Õ¨q¥X,
¨£½àª¾µ."
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tsai5 tiau5 ¯à¤O¤],
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li4 u3 tsai5 tiau5? §A¦æ¶Ü?
µª:
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gua4 bou tsai5 tiau5 §ÚµL¯à¬°¤O¤],
§Ú¤£·|¤].
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5/28/2020 (Thursday)
¡@
º~¦rªe¬¥µ®v¸ê°ö°V±Ð§÷(20):
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sian3 sian5 ®z¤].
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- ¬ù90BC)):
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su3 lian¤Á,
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5/27/2020 (Wednesday).
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«Ü¤],
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𳯤l¨}(¥Í¦~¤£¸Ô,
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hia4 ki ts(h)iu2 ¨º»ò¼~·T¤].
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ð
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, ´§Ã@¦^º¥X³°¶§."
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hia4 ku4 ¨º»ò¤[¤].
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hia4 tse5 ¨º¼¯¦h¤].
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³\
µê§f¤Á,
ªe¬¥µÅª¦¨ hi li4¤Á,
¤Á¦¨ h
+ i4 = hi4. ¯«ª`:
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ªe¬¥µÅª¦¨ hi
k(h)ou4 ã³\¤].
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ku4 ¨º»ò¤[¤].
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5/26/2020 (Tuesday).
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º~¦rªe¬¥µ®v¸ê°ö°V±Ð§÷(18):
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ªe¬¥µÅª¦¨ hia
¨ºùؤ],
¸Ó³B¤] .
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®Ê³³¼ç(²W©ú)(¦è¤¸372-427)<¤¬h¥ý¥Í¶Ç>:
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ªe¬¥µÅª¦¨ hou
hia lang2. þùؤH¤].
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ð§õ¥Õ(¦è¤¸701-762)¸Ö:
"¦ó³\³ÌÃö¤H?
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¯«ª`:
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hia . ¨ºùؤ],
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¼B§º¼B¸q¼y(¦è¤¸403-444¦~)<¥@»¡·s»y>:
"®]¦w°ê
©¹®ï(¯E)¤¤x³\¦@½×."
¯«ª`:
©¹®ï¤¤x³\
ªe¬¥µÅª¦¨ ong in
tiong kun hia ¨ì®ï¤¤x¨ºùؤ].
¤S "«á®]ÉO¤ä(¹DªL)¦@¸ü,
©¹¤ý(¿ª¤§)³\."
¯«ª`:
©¹¤ý³\
ªe¬¥µÅª¦¨ ong
ong2 hia ¨ì¤ý¿ª¤§¨ºùؤ].
<±dº³¦r¨å1716AD>:
³\
µê§f¤Á,
ªe¬¥µÅª¦¨ hi li4¤Á,
¤Á¦¨ h
+ i4 = hi4. ¯«ª`:
³\¥i
ªe¬¥µÅª¦¨ hi
k(h)ou4 ã³\¤].
¦ó³\¤H
ªe¬¥µ§ïŪ¦¨ hou
hia lang2 þ¸Ì¤H¤].
¯«ª`:
°ê»y¥u¥Î
¦ó³\¤H
¤@µü,
¦ý
³\¦rŪµ»P©w¸qºÉ¥¢.
¤µ¤éªe¬¥»y¤´¶Ç©Ó
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¤§µ»P©w¸q.
ªÌ
ªe¬¥µ tsia
³o¸Ì¤].
³\ hia
¨ºùؤ].
º~¤Hº~»y¤å©ú¦b»OÆW,
¤£¦b¯«¦{¤j¦a¤]!
5/26/2020 (Tuesday).
¡@
º~¦rªe¬¥µ®v¸ê°ö°V±Ð§÷ (17):
¨Ó¥h:
ªe¬¥µÅª¦¨
lai k(h)i3, ¥X¦Û
ð±ZÅV(¦è¤¸704?
- 754¦~,
§õ¶©°ò®É´Á¶i¤h)<ªø¤z¦æ>:
"®aÁ{¤E¦¿¤ô,
¨Ó¥h¤E¦¿°¼;
¦P¬Oªø¤z¤H,
¥Í¤p¤£¬ÛÃÑ."
¯«ª`:
ªe¬¥»y
¨Ó¥h lai
k(h)i3 ¤D¥_¨Ê»y
¥h¤].
¦¹5¨¥¸Ö
©ãªe¬¥Ãý
´ú tsek5
»P
ÃÑ sek5,
¦¹¸Ö°ê»yµµLÃý,
ð¸Ö«D°ê»y¸Ö¤].
¤S¨Ò:
°Ý:
§A¥hþ¸Ì?
µª:
§Ú
¨Ó lai~
»O¥_.
¨Ó
¥h¤].
¤S¨Ò:
¨Ó¥h°Ú lai
k(h)i3 a §ÚnÂ÷¥h¤].
<±dº³¦r¨å1716AD>:
¨Ó
¸¨«s¤Á,
ªe¬¥µÅª¦¨
lok5 ai¤Á,
¤Á¦¨
l + ai = lai. ¥h
¥C¾Ú¤Á,
ªe¬¥µÅª¦¨
k(h)u ki3¤Á,
¤Á¦¨
k(h) + i 3 = k(h)i3. ¡m¼WÃý¡n¨Ó¥h¡AÂ÷¥h.
¯«ª`:
°ê»y¤£¨Ï¥Î
¨Ó¥h¤@µü,
§ïºÙ
¥h. .
ªe¬¥»y¶Ç©Ó
¨Ó¥h lai
k(h)i3 ¦Ü¤µ,
µ»P©w¸q¬Ò¥¼ÅÜ,
°¶«v!
º~¤Hº~»y¤å©ú¦b»OÆW,
¤£¦b¯«¦{¤j¦a¤]!
5/25/2020 (Monday).
¡@
º~¦rªe¬¥µ®v¸ê°ö°V±Ð§÷ (16):
¤J¨Ó
»P
¤J¥h:
ªe¬¥µÅª¦¨ jip5
lai3 »P
jip5 k(h)i3, ¥X¦Û
𽱨¾(¬ù¦è¤¸792¦~¥Í)<ÀN¤p¥É¶Ç>:
"¦è¥_Äa¤@ÆxÄMÅ¢,
¨£¥D¤H¤J¨Ó,
§Y»y¤ê '¦³¤H¤J¨Ó,
§Y¤UîªÌ.'
" ¤S
©ú¶¾¹ÚÀs(¦è¤¸1574-1646)<ĵ¥@³q¨¥>:
"¨£°ü¤H¤J¨Ó,
«K¥ß¦b¤@Ãä,
°½¬Ý¨º°ü¤H.
" "张¤j¤½¶}¤Fªù,
°Ý¼B©x¤H°Q¤F¸¬Äª,
°Ý¤F¤É¼Æ,
¤J¥h."
¯«ª`:
ªe¬¥»y
¤J¨Ó jip5 lai3
¤D¥_¨Ê»y
¶i¨Ó¤],
¤J¥h jip5
k(h)i3 ¤D¥_¨Ê»y
¶i¥h¤].
<±dº³¦r¨å1716AD>:
¤J
¤H°õ¤Á,
ªe¬¥µÅª¦¨
jin2 tsip5 ¤Á,
¤Á¦¨
j + ip5 = jip5 . ¨Ó
¸¨«s¤Á,
ªe¬¥µÅª¦¨
lok5 ai¤Á,
¤Á¦¨
l + ai = lai. ¥h
¥C¾Ú¤Á,
ªe¬¥µÅª¦¨
k(h)u ki3¤Á,
¤Á¦¨
k(h) + i 3 = k(h)i3.
°ê»y¤£¨Ï¥Î
¤J¨Ó
»P
¤J¥hµ¥2µü,
§ïºÙ
¶i¨Ó
©Î
¶i¥h.
. ªe¬¥»y¶Ç©Ó
¤J¨Ó
»P
¤J¥h
jip5 lai3 »P
jip5 k(h)i3 ¦Ü¤µ,
µ»P©w¸q¬Ò¥¼ÅÜ,
°¶«v!
º~¤Hº~»y¤å©ú¦b»OÆW,
¤£¦b¯«¦{¤j¦a¤]!
5/24/2020 (Sunday).
¡@
º~¦rªe¬¥µ®v¸ê°ö°V±Ð§÷ (15):
¤]¥¼:
ªe¬¥µÅª¦¨
ia be5, ¥X¦Û
𽱨¾(¬ù¦è¤¸792¦~¥Í)<ÀN¤p¥É¶Ç>:
"Ĭ©h¤l§@¦n¹Ú¤]¥¼?"
¤S
§º¬xÁÚ(¦è¤¸1123-1202)<®eÂN随µ§>:
"«eªÌ¤ª:
¡y¨ì¤]¥¼?¡z«áªÌ¤ª:
¡y
¨ì!¡z"
¤S¨Ò:
¤]¥¼¨Ó
ia be3 lai2. ÁÙ¨S¨Ó¤].
¯«ª`:
ªe¬¥»y
¤]¥¼ ia be5
¤D¥_¨Ê»y
©|¥¼¤],
ÁÙ¨S¤].
<±dº³¦r¨å1716AD>:
¤]
¦ÏªÌ¤Á,
ªe¬¥µÅª¦¨
iang2 tsia4 ¤Á,
¤Á¦¨
i + ia4 = ia4 ¤@
£«£¿.
¥¼
µLªm¤Á,
ªe¬¥µÅª¦¨
bou2 he5¤Á,
¤Á¦¨
b + e5 = be5. b£®.
¯«ª`:
ªe¬¥»y
¤]¥¼
ia be5. ©|¥¼¤]£¿,
ÁÙ¨S¤].
°ê»y¤£¨Ï¥Î
¤]¥¼¤@µü,
§ïºÙ
©|¥¼
©Î
ÁÙ¨S.
. ªe¬¥»y¶Ç©Ó
¤]¥¼
ia be5 ¦Ü¤µ,
µ»P©w¸q¬Ò¥¼ÅÜ,
°¶«v!
º~¤Hº~»y¤å©ú¦b»OÆW,
¤£¦b¯«¦{¤j¦a¤]!
5/24/2020 (Sunday).
¡@
º~¦rªe¬¥µ®v¸ê°ö°V±Ð§÷ (14):
©ñ±þ:
ªe¬¥µÅª¦¨
pang4 sat5, ¥X¦Û
<¥v°O
°ª¯ª¥»°O>(§@ªÌ¥q°¨¾E145BC
- ¬ù90BC):
"¤µ¶µ¦Ð©ñ±þ¸q«Ò©ó¦¿«n,
¤j°fµL¹D."
¯«ª`:
ªe¬¥»y
©ñ±þ pang4
sat5 ¤D¥_¨Ê»y
©ñ³v¤],
±ó¤].
¤S¨Ò:
¬ü¤H
©ñ±þ
«Óô (»OÆW«Ü¬y¦æ
©ñ±þ¤@µü).
<±dº³¦r¨å1716AD>:
©ñ
¨j¦k¤Á,
ªe¬¥µÅª¦¨
po2 bang3 ¤Á,
¤Á¦¨
p + ang3 = pang3.
±þ
©Ò¤K¤Á,
ªe¬¥µÅª¦¨
so4 pat5¤Á,
¤Á¦¨
s + at5 = sat5. ¯«ª`:
ªe¬¥»y
©ñ±þ
©ñ³v¤].
<±dº³¦r¨å>:
¡mµù¡n§õy¤ª¡G±þ¡AµS¤`¤].
¤`¥ÍªÌ¤£¦º¤].
¯«ª`:
©ñ±þ
pang4 sat5 ©ñ³v¨Ï¨ä¤`©R©ó»·¦a¤].
°ê»y¤£¨Ï¥Î
©ñ±þ¤@µü,
§ïºÙ
©ñ³v.
ªe¬¥»y¶Ç©Ó
©ñ±þ pang4
sat5 ¦Ü¤µ,
µ»P©w¸q¬Ò¥¼ÅÜ,
°¶«v!
º~¤Hº~»y¤å©ú¦b»OÆW,
¤£¦b¯«¦{¤j¦a¤]!
5/23/2020 (Saturday).
¡@
º~¦rªe¬¥µ®v¸ê°ö°V±Ð§÷ (13):
¦a°Ê:
ªe¬¥µÅª¦¨
te5 tang5, ¥X¦Û
<¥v°O.
¤Q¤G¥»¬ö.
§µ´º¥»¬ö
>(§@ªÌ¥q°¨¾E145BC
- ¬ù90BC)):
¡§¤»¤ë¤B¤x,
³j¤Ñ¤U.---.
”,
¦a°Ê. "
<¥v°O.
¤Q¤G¥»¬ö.
¯³©l¬Ó¥»¬ö
>: "¤Q¤C¦~,
---§ðÁú,
±oÁú¤ý¦w,
ºÉ¯Ç¨ä¦a,
¥H¨ä¦a¬°°p,
©R¤ê¿o¤t,
¦a°Ê."
¯«ª`:
ªe¬¥»y
¦a°Ê te5 tang5
¤D¥_¨Ê»y
¦a¾_¤].
<±dº³¦r¨å1716AD>:
¦a
¤jp¤Á,
ªe¬¥µÅª¦¨ tai3
ke3 ¤Á,
¤Á¦¨ t
+ e3 = te3. °Ê
§ù¤Õ¤Á,
ªe¬¥µÅª¦¨ to3
k(h)ang¤Á,
¤Á¦¨ t
+ ang = tang. ¯«ª`:
ªe¬¥»y
¦a°Ê
¦a¾_¤].
°ê»y¤£¨Ï¥Î
¦a°Ê¤@µü,
§ïºÙ¦a¾_.
ªe¬¥»y¶Ç©Ó
¦a°Ê te5 tang5¦Ü¤µ.
¼B®aº~°ê
¥ß°ê400¾l¦~,
µo©úº~¦r·¢®Ñ,
º~¦rµoªe¬¥µ,
¨ä¤H¥ÁºÙ¬°º~¤H,
º~¤Hº~¦r¤å©ú
©l©ó¥Ò°©¤å,
¦ý¦¨©ó¼B®aº~°ê¤].
5/21/2020 (Thursday)
¡@
º~¦rªe¬¥µ®v¸ê°ö°V±Ð§÷ (12):
¥~®a:
ªe¬¥µÅª¦¨
gue3 ke, ¥X¦Û
<¥v°O
¥~±¥@®a >(§@ªÌ¥q°¨¾E145BC
- ¬ù90BC)):
¡§°ª¦Z±Y,
¤j¦Úij¥ß«á,
¯e¥~®a§f¤ó±j,
¬ÒºÙÁ¡¤ó¤¯µ½,
¬Gªï¥N¤ý,
¥ß¬°§µ¤å¬Ó«Ò.
" ¯«ª`:
ªe¬¥»y
¥~®a gue3 ke
¤D¥_¨Ê»y
®Q®a¤].
<±dº³¦r¨å1716AD>:
¥~
¤·|¤Á,
ªe¬¥µÅª¦¨ go3
hue3 ¤Á,
¤Á¦¨ g
+ ue3 = gue3. ¯«ª`:
ªe¬¥»y
¥~®a gue3 ke
®Q®a¤].
¼B®aº~°ê
¬Ó¦Z©m§f,
§Y¥~®a¬O§f¤ó¤].
°ê»y¤£¨Ï¥Î
¥~®a¤@µü,
§ïºÙ®Q®a.
¼B®aº~°ê
¥ß°ê400¾l¦~,
µo©úº~¦r·¢®Ñ,
º~¦rµoªe¬¥µ,
¨ä¤H¥ÁºÙ¬°º~¤H,
º~¤Hº~¦r¤å©ú
©l©ó¥Ò°©¤å,
¦ý¦¨©ó¼B®aº~°ê¤].
5/20/2020 (Wednesday).
¡@
º~¦rªe¬¥µ®v¸ê°ö°V±Ð§÷ (11):
¾î°f:
ªe¬¥µÅª¦¨
heng gek5, ¥X¦Û<©s¤l(372BC-289BC)>:
"¦³¤H©ó¦¹,
¨ä«Ý§Ú¥H¾î°f,
«h§g¤l¥²¦Û¤Ï¤]
." ¯«ª`:
ªe¬¥»y
¾î°f
¤D¥_¨Ê»y
ÆZ¾î¤].
<±dº³¦r¨å1716AD>:
¾î
¤á©s¤Á,
ªe¬¥µÅª¦¨
ho beng ¤Á,
¤Á¦¨
h + eng = heng. °f
©y´u¤Á,
ªe¬¥µÅª¦¨
gi2 kek5¤Á,
¤Á¦¨
g + ek5 = gek5. ¯«ª`:
¾î°f
ªe¬¥µÅª¦¨
heng gek5.
ªFº~(¦è¤¸25-220¦~)»¯ª[¤ê:
"¾î°fªÌ,
¥H¼Éh¤§¹D,
¨D¥[§Ú¤]."
¯«ª`:
¾î°f
§Y¥_¨Êº~»y "ÆZ¾î"¤§·N¤]!
¤µ¤é°ê»y¤£¨Ï¥Î
¾î°f
¤@µü,
¦ýªe¬¥»y¶Ç©Ó¦Ü¤µ¥¼Â_,
µ»P©w¸q¬Ò¥¼ÅÜ,
°¶«v!
º~¤Hº~»y¤å©ú¦b»OÆW,
¤£¦b¯«¦{¤j¦a¤]!
5/20/2020 (Wednesday).
¡@
º~¦rªe¬¥µ®v¸ê°ö°V±Ð§÷ (10):
Âû
ªe¬¥µ
Ū¦¨ ke,
¨Ò:
Âû¤½¤s
ke kang sun (¯«ª`¡G¯«¦{¤j¦aªe«n¬Ù¦è«nÃä¹Ò¤s¦W).
¤¤d¦~«e
¶À«Ò¾ÔJ¤H°E¤×
©óÂû¤½¤sÄS,
±o³Ó«á
¥ß
ªe¬¥º~»y¤§°ê¦Ü¤µ.
CPC¥¼±N
Âû¤½¤s
§ï¦W
¤½Âû¤s,
¯u¤D¥i³ß¥i¶P¤]¡@¯«ª`:
ªe¬¥»y
Âû¤½¡@¶¯Âû¤].
<±dº³¦r¨å1716AD>:
Âû
¥j®O¤Á,
¯«ª`:
ªe¬¥µÅª¦¨ ko4 he¤Á,
¤Á¦¨ k
+ e = ke. ¯«ª`¡GÂû¤½¡@¤½Âû¤].
¯«ª`:
Âû
¥j®O¤Á,
°ê»yµ
£|£¹£¾
£££¸
¤Á,
¤Á¤£¥X
°ê»yµ
£¡£¸
µ£½,
¦¹¤DÃÒ©ú¦¹¦r¨å¥uª`
º~¦rªe¬¥µ ,
¤£ª`º~¦r°ê»yµ,
°ê»yµ¥ÑJ¤H(«´¤¦¤H
¤k¯u¤H (º¡¤H)
»P»X¥j¤H)¦Û¦æ³Ð³y¦Ó¦¨.
5/17/2020 (Sunday).
¡@
º~¦rªe¬¥µ®v¸ê°ö°V±Ð§÷ (9):
¾®:
ªe¬¥µ
Ū¦¨
geng2 ©Î
ging2, ¨Ò:
¾®¦å
ªe¬¥µÅª¦¨
geng hue5, ¦å²G¾®©T¤].
¯«ª`:
¸£¦åºÞ¾®¦å
¤Þ°_¤¤·,
¤ß¦åºÞ¾®¦å
¤Þ°_¤ß¦Ù±ð¶ë.
¥Ö½§¾®¦å:
¯Q«C
o ts(h)enn.
<±dº³¦r¨å1716AD>:
¾®
ºÃ³®¤Á,
¯«ª`:
ªe¬¥µÅª¦¨
gi2 leng2¤Á,
¤Á¦¨g
+ eng2 = geng2.
ªe¬¥µ¤SŪ¦¨ gi2 ling2¤Á,
¤Á¦¨
g + ing2 = ging2 ©Î
g £¸£¶£½.
<»¡¤å121AD>:
¾®
¤ô°í¤].
¯«ª`:
¾®
ºÃ³®¤Á,
°ê»yµ
¤@£½
£{¤@£¶£½¤Á,
¤Á¤£¥X
°ê»yµ
£z£¸£¶£½,
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º~¦rªe¬¥µ ,
¤£ª`º~¦r°ê»yµ,
°ê»yµ¥ÑJ¤H(«´¤¦¤H
¤k¯u¤H (º¡¤H)
»P»X¥j¤H)¦Û¦æ³Ð³y¦Ó¦¨.
5/16/2020 (Saturday).
¡@
º~¦rªe¬¥µ®v¸ê°ö°V±Ð§÷ (8):
¶û:
ªe¬¥µ
Ū¦¨
hiam ©Î
hiam2, ª`µ²Å¸¹ª`¦¨
£~¤@
£«
m2. . ¨Ò:
¶ûªF¶û¦è
ªe¬¥µÅª¦¨
hiam tang hiam sai,
¤£º¡·N¤]
. ¤S
¶ûºÃ
hiam gi2 ¥iºÃ¤].
<±dº³¦r¨å1716AD>:
¶û
¤áݤÁ,
¯«ª`:
ªe¬¥µÅª¦¨ ho3
kiam ¤Á,
¤Á¦¨h +
iam = hiam, ©Î
£~¤@
£«m. <»¡¤å121AD>:
¤ê:
¤£¥©ó¤ß,
¤@¤êºÃ¤].
¯«ª`:
¶û
¤áݤÁ,,,
°ê»yµ
£~£¹ £¿
£¡£¸£³
¤Á¤£¥X
°ê»yµ
£££¸£³£½
µ,
¦¹¤DÃÒ©ú¦¹¦r¨å¥uª`
º~¦rªe¬¥µ ,
¤£ª`º~¦r°ê»yµ,
°ê»yµ¥ÑJ¤H(«´¤¦¤H
¤k¯u¤H (º¡¤H)
»P»X¥j¤H)¦Û¦æ³Ð³y¦Ó¦¨.
5/16/2020 (Saturday)
¡@
º~¦rªe¬¥µ®v¸ê°ö°V±Ð§÷ (7):
§Ë:
ªe¬¥µ
Ū¦¨
lang3, ª`µ²Å¸¹ª`¦¨
£{£µ£¾.
¨Ò:
À¸§Ë
hi lang5 À¸§Ë¤].
§Ë·à
lang3 sai »R·à¤].
¯ó»g§ËÂû¤½
ts(h)au me5 lang3 ke kang.
»OÆW«U»y¤].
§Ë
ªe¬¥µ¤SŪ¦¨
long4, ¨Ò:
§Ë¯}
long4 p(h)ua3, §Ë¬n
long4 uai. §ËÃa
long4 hai5 §ËÃa¤].
<±dº³¦r¨å1716AD>:
§Ë
¿c°^¤Á,
¯«ª`:
ªe¬¥µÅª¦¨
lo2 kang3 ¤Á,
¤Á¦¨
l + ang3 = lang3,
©Î
£{£µ£¾.
¨Ò:
À¸§Ë
hi lang5, §Ë·à
lang3 sai »R·à¤].
§Ë
¿c°^¤Á.
¯«ª`:
ªe¬¥µ¤SŪ¦¨
lo2 kong4¤Á,
¤Á¦¨
l + ong4 = long4.
¨Ò:
§Ë¯}
long4 p(h)ua3, etc.
¯«ª`:
§Ë
¿c°^¤Á,,
°ê»yµ
£{£¹£½
£|£¹£¶£¿¤Á,
¤Á¤£¥X
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, ¤£ª`º~¦r°ê»yµ,
°ê»yµ¥ÑJ¤H(«´¤¦¤H
¤k¯u¤H
(º¡¤H)
»P»X¥j¤H)¦Û¦æ³Ð³y¦Ó¦¨.
5/15/2020 (Friday).
¡@
º~¦rªe¬¥µ®v¸ê°ö°V±Ð§÷ (6):
ºò:
ªe¬¥µ
Ū¦¨ kin4,
ª`µ²Å¸¹ª`¦¨
£|£¸£´£¿ . <»¡¤å>
ºò
Äñµ·«æ¤].
¯«ª`:
«æ
³t¤].
¨Ò:
»°ºò
ªe¬¥µÅª¦¨ kuann
(nnªí»óµ)
kin4, §Ö¤@ÂI¤].
<±dº³¦r¨å1716AD>:
ºò
©~§Ô¤Á,
ªe¬¥µÅª¦¨
ki jin4 ¤Á,
¤Á¦¨
k + in4 = kin4, ©Î
£|£¸£´£¿.
<±dº³¦r¨å>:
§Ô
¦Ó®¶¤Á,
ªe¬¥µÅª¦¨
ji2 tsin4¤Á,
¤Á¦¨
j + in4 = jin4 (¯«ª`:
¤µµ
jim4). ¯«ª`:
ºò
©~§Ô¤Á,
°ê»yµ
£¡£º
£§£´£¾
¤Á¤£¥X
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µ,
¦¹¤DÃÒ©ú¦¹¦r¨å¥uª`
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, ¤£ª`º~¦r°ê»yµ,
°ê»yµ¥ÑJ¤H(«´¤¦¤H
¤k¯u¤H
(º¡¤H)
»P»X¥j¤H¦Û¦æ³Ð³y¦Ó¦¨.
5/12/2020 (Tuesday).
¡@
º~¦rªe¬¥µ®v¸ê°ö°V±Ð§÷ (5):
¸¡:
ªe¬¥µ
Ū¦¨
hok5 (5ªíµu«P»´Án),
¤SŪ¦¨
pak5, ª`µ²Å¸¹ª`¦¨
£t£«£|5.
¨Ò:
¸¡¨{
ªe¬¥µ
Ū¦¨
pak5 to4, ¨{¤l¤].
¨Ò:
¸¡¤ºªü
pak5 lai a4 ¤ºÅ¦¤].
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¸¡
¤è¤»¤Á.
¯«ª`:
ªe¬¥µÅª¦¨
hong lok5¤Á,
¤Á¦¨
h + ok5 = hok5;
¤SŪ¦¨ png lak5¤Á.
¤Á¦¨
p + ak5 = pak5, ¬G
¸¡¨{
Ū¦¨
pak5 to4 (o Ū¦¨
ªe¬¥µ
¯Q),
¨{¤l¤],
¸¡¤ºªü
pak5 lai a4 ¤ºÅ¦¤].
5/14/2020 (Thursday).
¡@
º~¦rªe¬¥µ®v¸ê°ö°V±Ð§÷ (4 ):
¶m¶m
: ªe¬¥µÅª¦¨
hiong hiong2, ¥X¦Û<¯û¤l(313
BC-238 BC)>: "¶m¶m¦Ó¹¡¨o"
·¨ª`: "¶m¶m,
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