December 23, 2020 (Wednesday)    Original

By Robert S. Hsu, Ph.D., RPh (California)

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My Latest Post  on Facebook  2

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º~¦rªe¬¥­µ²Ä111Á¿p530: ²o ­W°í¤Á, k(h)o4 kian ¤Á¦¨ k(h)ian, ¤Þ«e¤].¤f»y k(h)an. ¨Ò: ²o¤ûk(h)an gu2. ²o¤âk(h)an ts(h)iu4. ²o¯Ak(h)an siap5. ²o©ìk(h)an t(h)ua. 4/22/2022

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¬G¥~¤á¦Ó¤£³¬ ¬O¿×¤j¦P
ko4 gua3 ho5 ji2 put4 pi4
si3 ui3 dai3 tong2. 4/20/2022

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¬O¬G¿Ñ³¬¦Ó¤£¿³
si3 ko3 bo4 pi4 ji2 put4 hin.
µsÅѶøé¦Ó¤£§@ tou3 ts(h)iet5 luan3 ts(h)at5 ji2 put4 tsok5. 4/20/2022

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¤O´c¨ä¤£¥X©ó¨­¤] ¤£¥²¬°¤v
lat5 ok4 ki put4 ts(h)ut4 i sin ia3 put4 pit4 ui3 ki4. 4/20/2022

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¨k¦³¤À lam2 iu hun5.
¤k¦³Âk li4 iu kui. ³f´c¨ä±ó©ó¦a¤] hue3 ok4 ki5 k(h)i4 i te5 ia3.
¤£¥²Âéó¤v put4 pit4 ts(h)ang4 i ki4. 4/20/2022

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¨Ï¦Ñ¦³©Ò²× su lou4 iu so tsiong. §§¦³©Ò¥Î tsong3 iu so iong5. ¥®¦³©Òªøiu3 iu so tiong4. Å`¹è©t¿W¼o¯eªÌ¬Ò¦³©Ò¾i kuan kua4 ko tok5 hui4 tsit5 tsia4 kai iu so iang4. 4/20/2022

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Á¿«H­×·ü kong sin3 siu bok5. ¬G¤H¤£¿W¿Ë¨ä¿Ë ko4 lang2 put4 tok3 ts(h)in ki5 ts(h)in. ¤£¿W¤l¨ä¤l put4 tok3 tsu ki5 tsu4 4/20/2022

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§¹B¤j¦P½g le un5 dai3 tong p(h)ian. ¤j¹D¤§¦æ¤] dai3 tou tsi heng2 ia3. ¤Ñ¤U¬°¤½ t(h)ian ha5 ui3 kong. ¿ï½å»P¯à suan hian2 u leng2. 4/20/2022

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«X¯Q¾Ôª§ ¬ü°ê¨ú±o­x¨Æ¬ì§Þ¤§¹ê¾Ô¾ú½m Àò¯q³Ì¤j: *¦UºØ¦yºÝªZ¾¹¤§¹ê¾Ô¹B¥Î. *½Ã¬PºÊ±±¦U¾Ô³õ¤§±¡¸ê ¤Þ¾É§@¾Ô¨ú³Ó. * ½Ã¬P¤Þ¾É­¸¼uÀ»¤¤¤j¥Ø¼Ð. *·Ç½T¦ô­p¾Ôª§ªá¶O. *¬ü°ê¤£¥²¥X§L. *¾Ôª§©ì©µ Àò§Q§ó¤j

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º~¦rªe¬¥­µ²Ä110Á¿p529(²¤¤@¦r): ¬¹ ©Ò©°¤Á, so4 kenn ¤Á¦¨ senn,¤û§¹¥þ(¯«ª`:«ü©v¼q¾ã°¦¤û²½«~), ¤û¦Ï½Þ¤ê¬¹.¤S so4 king ¤Á¦¨ sing.¨Ò: Ä묹 hi5 sing,Äë ©v¼q¤§¬¹¤].Äë µê©y¤Á,hi gi2 ¤Á¦¨ hi. 4/19/2022

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º~¦rªe¬¥­µ²Ä109cÁ¿p522:Ã} ®{¨¦¤Á¦¨ tok5,¤û¤l¤] gu-a kiann4 ¥®¤û¤] iu4 gu2. ¤S¨Ò: ¥®¸X¶é iu ti3 uan2. ¥®¾¦ iu4 k(h)i4. ¥®¨à iu4 ji2. 4/18/2022

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º~¦rªe¬¥­µ²Ä109bÁ¿p522:Ã} ®{¨¦¤Á¦¨ tok5,¤û¤l¤] gu-a kiann4 ¥®¤û¤].¨Ò:«Ä¤l gin-a4.®]¤lsun-a4. ¥À¤l bou-a kiann4. ¤Õ¤l K(h)ong4 tsu4. ¤l®] kiann sun-a. 4/18/2022

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»OÆW ¬O°ß¤@ 5,000¦~º~»y¤å©ú¤§¦a, ¾ú¥v¦³ÅKÃÒ. ª¾ªÌµL´X¤H, ±zª¾§_? 4/17/2022

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¾§®a ¤j¦P¥@¬É ¤HÃþµL¾Ôª§! §¹B¤j¦P½g: ¤j¹D¤§¦æ¤] ¤Ñ¤U¬° ¤½ ¿ï½å»P¯à Á¿«H­×·ü ---. ¯«ª`:¤HÃþ¶i¤Æ¦Ü¤µ ¤´«Ü³¥ÆZ! 4/17/2022

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º~¦rªe¬¥­µ²Ä109aÁ¿p522:Ã} ®{¨¦¤Á,to2 kok5 ¤Á¦¨ tok5,¤û¤l¤].¨Ò:§º ³°´å¤ê:ªì¥Í¤§Ã} ¤£¬Èªê. ts(h)o senn tsi tok5 put4 ui3 ho4 ¥®¤û¤£©Èªê¤], gu-a kiann4 m3 kiann ho4 ¤] 4/17/2022

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º~¦rªe¬¥­µ²Ä108Á¿p520:¯S ®{±o¤Á,to2 tik5 ¤Á¦¨ tik5, ®¼¥ß¤ê¯S. ¨Ò: ¯S¥ß¿W¦æ tik3 lip5 tok3 heng2. ¯S®í tik3 su2. ¯S§O tik3 pet5. ¯S¨Ï tik3 sai3. 4/16/2022

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º~¦rªe¬¥­µ²Ä107Á¿p516: ¤û »y¨D
¤Á, gi4 kiu2 ¤Á¦¨ giu2,¤µ­µ gu2, ¤j¬¹¤]. ¨Ò: ¤û¦Þ»æ gu tsi3 piann4. ¤ô¤û tsui gu2. ¤û­¦ Gu nng2 ¤ûªü¿Ç gu-a k(h)o3. 4/16/2022

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º~¦rªe¬¥­µ²Ä106Á¿p515:«q ï¥b¤Á,p(h)o5 pan4 ¤Á¦¨ p(h)an3, ­µ¯`, Â÷¤], ¥h¤], ¤£»P¤], ­I¤], §O¤]. ¨Ò: ¤Ï«q huan p(h)an3. ­I«q pue3 p(h)an3. «q¶Ã p(h)an4 luan5. 4/15/2022

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º~¦rªe¬¥­µ²Ä104bÁ¿p513:¥b ³ÕºC/º©¤Á,pua3 ban3 ¤Á¦¨ pan4, ¨Ò: ¥b«H¥bºÃ pan4 sin3 pan4 gi2. 4/15/2022

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º~¦rªe¬¥­µ²Ä105Á¿p514:­D ´¶¥b¤Á,p(h)o4 puann3 ¤Á¦¨ p(h)uann3, ­µ§P, ¥bÅé¦×¤]. ¨Ò:ªÎ­D hui5 p(h)uann3 .©Î ¤f»y­µ pui5 p(h)uann3. 4/14/2022

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º~¦rªe¬¥­µ²Ä104aÁ¿p513:¥b ³Õ¹÷¤Á,pua3 mua ¤Á¦¨ puann3, ª«¤¤¤À¤]. ¨Ò: ¤@¥b tsit3 puann3. ¤ë¥b gue3 puann3. ¤U¥b¨­ e3 puann4 sin. 4/13/2022

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º~¦rªe¬¥­µ²Ä103Á¿p513:ÄÀ ½à¾¤Á,siong tsik5 ¤Á¦¨ sik5, ¸Ñ¤]. ¨Ò: ¸ÑÄÀ kai sik5 ¸Ñ»¡¤] kai sue5. ÄÀ©ñ sik4 hong3 ÄÀ¥X sik4 ts(h)ut5 ¤]. 4/12/2022

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º~¦rªe¬¥(»O»y)­µ ¤D¥¿²Îº~¤å©ú¤§®Ö¤ß¤¸¯À ¥²¶·¶Ç©Ó. °ê»OÂù»y²Î¤@¯«¦{¤j¦a ¶W¶VÄÒ¬£»P¬FÅv! Æg! 4/12/2022

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º~¦rªe¬¥­µ²Ä102Á¿p512:±x ®§¤C¤Á,sek5(©Îsik5) ts(h)it5 ¤Á¦¨sit5, ¸ÔºÉ¤], ª¾¤], ¨Ò: ½Ðª¾±x ts(h)iann ti sit5 (¤W¹ï¤U¥Î»y). ¼ô±x sek3 sit5. 4/11/2022

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º~¦rªe¬¥­µ²Ä101dÁ¿p510:¿» ªþ°K¤Á,¤Á¦¨huan, ¯ó­Z¤].¿»=µf.¨Ò: ¿»Á¦ÃÃhan tsi tin2. ¿»­X=µf­X. ¿»Á¦=µfÁ¦. ¿»³Á=µf³Áhuan be5,¥É¸¾¶Á¤]. 4/10/2022

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º~¦rªe¬¥­µ²Ä101cÁ¿p510:¿» ªþ°K¤Á,¤Á¦¨huan, ¿ë§O¤],«Dº~¤H¤å©ú¤],¥~¨Ó¤]. ¯«ª`:¤µ¤éªe¬¥º~»y ¿» =µf,¬Ò¨Ï¥Î¤W­z©w¸q. ¨Ò:¿»ªü=µfªü huan-a4,«Dº~¤H¤],¥~°ê¤H¤] 4/10/2022

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º~¦rªe¬¥­µ²Ä101bÁ¿p510:µf ªþ°K¤Á, hu3 (µLÁn¥À)uan2 ¤Á¦¨ huan. ¤S µf ­µ¸q¦P ½, §ù¨j¸Ö: ·|¶·¤Wµf¬Ý¦¨¦Ë. ¤Wµf ¯«ª`:½¦Ü¤W¤è¤]. µf·s huan5 sin ½·s¤]. 4/10/2022

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º~¦rªe¬¥­µ²Ä101aÁ¿p510:µf ªþ°K¤Á, hu3 (µLÁn¥À)uan2 ¤Á¦¨ huan, Ã~¨¬ ¿×¤§µf, ¼Æ¤]. ¨Ò: µf¸¹ huan hou5 ¸¹½X¤]. ¤Tµf¤­¦¸ sann huan ---¤T¦¸¤], ¤@¦A¤]. µfµf huan5 huan ªZ«i¤]. 4/10/2022

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º~¦rªe¬¥­µ²Ä100Á¿p505:§E ¥H½Ñ¤Á, (µLÁn¥À)i4 tsu ¤Á¦¨ u. »y¤§µÎ¤], §Ú¤], ©m¤]. ¨Ò: §E¤ë u5 gue5 4¤ë¤]. §E­P¤O©ó°ê¥Á­²©R u4 ti4 lek3 i ---§Ú¤]. §E­^®É u eng si2.¥v¾Ç®a. 4/9/2022

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º~¦rªe¬¥­µ²Ä99bÁ¿p505:¥² ¨õ¦N¤Á,¤Á¦¨ pit5, ¤À·¥¤], µõ¤], ¯«ª`: ¨«·¥ºÝ¤]. ¨Ò: ¤l¤ê: ¤ð·N ¤ð¥² ¤ð©T ¤ð§Ú. ¯«ª`: ¤Å·N®ð ¤Å·¥ºÝ ¤Å©T°õ ¤Å¦Û¨p . ¯«ª`:¥v¤W ¤ð¥² ¬Ò»~Ķ¦¨ ¤Å°õµÛ; µü·N­«½Æ. 4/8/2022

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º~¦rªe¬¥­µ²Ä99aÁ¿p505:¥² ¨õ¦N¤Á, pi kit5 ¤Á¦¨ pit5, ¤À·¥¤], ¤À§O¤§·¥¤], µõ¤]. ¨Ò: ¥²¶} pit5 k(h)ui3, §Y µõ¶} li5 k(h)ui3 ©Îlia4 k(h)ui3¤]. PRC 14»õµØ¤H ª¾¦¹©w¸qªÌ µL´X¤H! 4/8/2022

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º~¦rªe¬¥­µ²Ä98bÁ¿p503:¤½ ¥j¬õ¤Á, ko4 ang2 ¤Á¦¨ kang, ¤÷¤]. ¯«ª`: ¶¯©Ê¤] kang e, ¨ä¬Û¤Ïµü ¥À bou4 e3, ¨Ò: Âû¤½¤s ªe«n¬Ùke kang suann. Âû¥À¥Í³Jke bou4 senn nng5 ¥ÀÂû¥Í³J¤]. 4/7/2022

º~¦rªe¬¥­µ²Ä98aÁ¿p503:¤½ ¥j¬õ¤Á, ko4 hong2 ¤Á¦¨ kong,¥­¤À¤],­I£ª(¨p)¬°¤½¤]. ¨Ò:¿ì¤½pan3 kong. ¤½¹Dkong5 tou5. ¥«¤½©Òts(h)i3 kong so4. ¤½§Gkong pou3. ¤½¨½kong li4. 4/7/2022

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º~¦rªe¬¥­µ²Ä97Á¿p497:¸â ¤§ª¢¤Á, tsi iam5 ¤Á¦¨ tsiam. ©Î ¾·G¤Á, tsit5 liam2 ¤Á¦¨ tsiam. »¡¤å:¦h¨¥¤]. ²ø¤l:¤j¨¥ª¢ª¢ ¤p¨¥¸â¸â. ¯«ª`:¤j¨¥¦p²r¤õ ¤p¨¥¸Ü¤Ó¦h. ¤S ¸â ©m¤]. ¨Ò:¸â¤Ñ¦ö. 4/6/2022

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º~¦rªe¬¥­µ²Ä96Á¿p492:¤À ¨j¤å¤Á, po2 bun2 ¤Á¦¨ pun, ¥H¤À§O ª«¤]. ¤S §ß°Ý¤Á, hu2 bun3 ¤Á¦¨ hun. ¨Ò: ¤À§O hun pet5. ¤À°]²£pun tsai5 san4. ¤ÀªRhun sek5. ¥­¤À penn pun. 4/5/2022

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º~¦rªe¬¥­µ²Ä95Á¿p491:¤K ¸É¤º¤Á, po4 lue5 ¤Á¦¨ pue4, ¼Æ¤§¤K¤]. ¤µ­µ¤SŪ¦¨ pe5 .©Î pat5. ¨Ò: ¤K¥P¹L®ü pat5 sian kue4 hai4. ¥Í¨°¤K¦r senn sin2 pe4 ji5. 4/4/2022

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º~¦rªe¬¥­µ²Ä94Á¿p488:¤p ¨p¥ü¤Á, su tiau5 ¤Á¦¨siau4, ª«¤§·L¤]. ¤SŪ¦¨siou4. ¨Ò:·L¤p bi siau4. ¤p¤Hsiau jin2. ¤p¾Ç siou hak5. ¤p§Ì siou ti5.¤p¥isiou k(h)oua4µy¤]. 4/2/2022

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º~¦rªe¬¥­µ²Ä93Á¿p474: ¬K ©÷¯Â¤Á, ts(h)iong sun2 ¤Á¦¨ ts(h)un, ¬K®É¥Í¤]. ¨Ò: ¬K¤Ñ ts(h)un t(h)inn. ¨Ò: ¬K®L¬î¥V ts(h)un ha3 ts(h)iu tang, ¥|©u¤]. 4/2/2022

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Ãdª«¶Ç¬V «aª¬¯f¬rCovid-19: PRC¤U¥O, ¦P°Ï¦³¤HÃþ±wªÌ®É, ¥þ°ÏÃdª«¥²¶·±þ¥ú! ¯«ª`: Ãdª«¶Ç¬V¦UºØ¯f¬r! §t¬ü¤H¤l®cÀVÀù¯f¬r, ¨xÀù¯f¬rµ¥. Ãdª«¤£¯àÃd¤]! 4/1/2022

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»OÆW ¤D¥¿²Îº~¤å©ú¤§®Ö¤ß. ¥@¤Hª¾ªÌ´X§Æ! À´º~¦rªe¬¥­µªÌ ¤~¦³¯à¤Oª¾¤§! PRC¤H¥²¶·¾Ç! ³Ü¬K°s»x¼y! 3/31/2022

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º~¦rªe¬¥­µ²Ä92aÁ¿p470: ¿» ´_³Ù¤Á, hok5 suan ¤Á¦¨ huan. ¨Ò: ¿»ªü huan a4 «Dº~¤H¤å©ú¤]. ¿»­X tomato ¤]. ¿»Á¦ han tsi2 ¦a¥Ê¤]. ¥É¸¾¶Á huan be5. 3/31/2022

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º~¦rªe¬¥­µ²Ä92bÁ¿p470: ¯ñ ¦Ó®e¤Á, ji iong2 ¤Á¦¨ jiong2, ¯ó¥Í¤], »¡¤å: ¯ó¯ñ¯ñ»ª. ¨Ò: ³À¯ñ log3 jiong2 ³À·s¥Í¹à¨¤¤]. 3/30/2022

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º~¦rªe¬¥­µ²Ä91Á¿p462: µå ®{¤M¤Á, to2 tou ¤Á¦¨ tou2. ¨Ò: ¸²µå pou tou2. ©Î £t£¬ £x£¬2. 3/20/2022

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º~¦rªe¬¥­µ²Ä90Á¿p457: ¯ï ­¦­p¤Á, long (©Î lang) ke3 ¤Á¦¨ le3, ¯ó¤]. ¦è¨Ê(ª`: º~°ê³£ªø¦w)Âø°O: ±L¥LÄm°ª¯ªÂB³½¯ïªK. le3 tsi ¦ü»Z¦Ó¤p. ¤û­¦ Ū¦¨ gu5 nng2. ¯ïªK ¤SŪ¦¨ ne3 tsi. 3/29/2022

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º~¦rªe¬¥­µ²Ä89Á¿p452: ­e ¥j¦Z(«p)¤Á ko4 hau ¤Á¦¨ kau. ¥B¤]. ¨Ò: ­e¥B°½¥Í kau ts(h)iann4 t(h)au5 seng. ¨Ò(®Ë¤l): ¦æ·G¤£¬°­e±o(kau tit5 ¥B±o¤])¹D¸q¤£¬°­e¦X kau hap5 ¥B¦X¤]. 3/28/2022

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º~¦rªe¬¥­µ²Ä87bÁ¿p448: µÖ ¤d¦è¤Á ts(h)ian se ¤Á¦¨ ts(h)e, ¯ó²±¤]. ¨Ò(¸Ö): ¥c¤ìµÖµÖ hui4 bok5 ts(h)e ts(h)e ¯ó¤ì­Z²±¤]. 3/27/2022

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º~¦rªe¬¥­µ²Ä87aÁ¿p448:¥c ³\¶Q¤Á hi4 kui3 ¤Á¦¨ hui4©Îi3,¯óÁ`¦W¤]. ¨Ò:¦Ê¥c pa4 hui3,¦Ê¯ó¤]. ¨Ò:ªá¥c hue hui4, ¯ó¶}ªá¤]. ¨Ò: ¥c¤ì µÖµÖhui4 bok5 ts(h)e -, ¯ó¤ì­Z²±¤]. 3/27/2022

º~¦rªe¬¥­µ²Ä88Á¿p450: ªã ¥j«ô¤Á ko4 pai3 ¤Á¦¨ kai3, ªãµæ¤], ¤µ­µkua4 ts(h)ai3. ½µ ­Ü¬õ¤Á ts(h)ng ang2 ¤Á¦¨ ts(h)ang, ½µªü¤] ts(h)ang a4, «C½µ¤]. 3/27/2022

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º~¦rªe¬¥­µ87cÁ¿p448: »[ Ĭ³e¤Á. so kuan3 ¤Á¦¨suan3. ¨Ò:»[ÀY suan4 t(h)au2. »[¯ñ suan4 jiong2. »[ªü suan a4. »[ä suan4 pan5. 3/26/2022

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º~¦rªe¬¥­µ²Ä86bÁ¿: ÿ ¤è·Ð¤Á. ªe¬¥­µÅª¦¨ huan, ­µ ½ ©Î ¿». ©w¸q: ÿ, «Ì¤].¨Ò(¥ª¶Ç): "¥Hÿ«Ì©P" ¯«ª`: ÿ«Ì huan pin2 =§@¬°©P°ê«Ì»Ù¥H«OÅ@©P°ê¤]. «Ì»Ù ¾×¦MÀI¤].¤S¨Ò: «Ì­· ¾×­·¤]. 3/25/2022

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º~¦rªe¬¥­µ²Ä86aÁ¿p424: ÿ ¤è·Ð¤Á. ªe¬¥­µhong huan2 ¤Á¦¨ huan, ­µÂ½ ©Î¿». ¨Ò: ÿÆXhuan li2. ÿ, ÆX¤], «Ì¤]. ¯«ª`:¾×¶} ¹j¶}¤]. ¤S¨Ò:¥Hÿ½Ã¤Ñ¤l. ¯«ª`:¥H¾×¶}´c¶Õ¤O¤] ÿÆX =¨ü«OÅ@¨¾½Ã¤§°Ï°ì½d³ò¤]. 3/24/2022

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§Ú­Ì·QÄw²Õ 1¦~4¦¸»EÀ\ÄÒ, ­n¥X$. ¶Ç¼½¦U¬Éµ×­^®Ö¤ß²z©À! ¦aÂI¬O»O¥_¥«. ¦³·NÄ@¶Ü? 3/22/2022

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»OÆW¤Dº~¤å©ú¤§¿O¶ð:º~¤H»O»y­µ ¦³4,719¦~¥v. ¥Ò°©¤å»O»y­µ ¦³4,000¦~¥v. º~¦r·¢®Ñ»O»y­µ ¦³2,200¦~¥v. 601AD-1928AD¶¡ 8³¡º~¦r¨åª`»O»y­µ. »OÆW¤H§õ©vµO±q¥Ò°©¤å¾ã²z¥X 4,378­ÓÁcÅé·¢®Ñº~¦r! ¥X®Ñ5¥¨¥U! ³Ü¬K°s ¼y¯¬! 3/19/2022

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§Ú¥Í¤é¨º¤Ñªð©è»O¥_ ¶}©l³QÃö15¤Ñ. ¦Ü¤µ¤w19th¤Ñ! ¸U¤À·PÁ ¬ü¤H«Ó­ô­Ì ¯¬§Ú¥Í¤é§Ö¼Ö! ¤S¦Ñ¤F¤@¦~ «¢! 3/15/2022

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º~¦rªe¬¥­µÅKÃÒ(81): ³j ©l©]¤Á ªe¬¥­µ si4 ia3 ¤Á¦¨ s + ia3 = sia3. °ê»y­µ¤Á¤£¥X ³j £¦ £­4. ¨Ò: ¯S³j tek3 sia4. ³j§K sia4 bian4. ³j¸o sia4 tsue5. 2/21/2022.

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ROC(»OÆW):¤H¤f2,300¾l¸U. Á`²Î/¥ß©e¥Á¿ï.¬ü°ê¥[¦{°ê:¤H¤f3,900¾l¸U. ¦{ªø/°Æ¦{ªø/¦{°È­ë/À˹îÁ`ªø/°]°Èªø/ºÊ¹îªø/¦{¥Á»²¾Éªø/¥­µ¥·|4©e­û/«OÀIÁ`ªø/°Ñij­û/²³Ä³­û/ ³Ì°ªªk°|ªk©xµ¥¬Ò¥Á¿ï.»OÆW¥²¶·¥H¥Á¬°¥D!«D¥H¬FÄÒ¬°¥D! 2/20/2022

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º~¦rªe¬¥­µÅKÃÒ(80): ¤¶ ¥j«ô¤Á ªe¬¥­µ ko4 pai3 ¤Á¦¨ k + ai3 = kai3. °ê»y­µ¤Á¤£¥X ¤¶ £¡£¸£®£¿. ¨Ò: ¤¶²Ð kai4 siau5. ¥ò¤¶ tiong kai3, tiong lang2¤]. 2/20/2022.

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º~¦rªe¬¥­µÅKÃÒ(79): ¶V ¤ý¥ï¤Á ªe¬¥­µ ong2 huat5 ¤Á¦¨ µLÁn¥À + uat = uat5. °ê»y­µ¤Á¤£¥X ¶V £º £® £¿­µ. ¨Ò: ¶V«n uat3 lam2. ¶W¶V t(h)iau uat5. ª`: ¶W ¥L¤Ý¤Á. 2/19/2022

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º~¦rªe¬¥­µÅKÃÒ(78): ¦Ú ¥Û¯u¤Á ªe¬¥­µ sek5 tsin ¤Á¦¨ s + in = sin2. °ê»y­µ¤Á ¤£¥X ¦Ú £¥ £´£½­µ. ¨Ò: ¤j¦Ú tai3 sin2. ¦l¦Ú kan sin2. ¦ÚªA sin hok5. 2/18/22.

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<¯«¹A¤l±Ð«Ç>ºô¯¸Home page¦³º~¦r»O»y­µ¤§­^¤å¦r¥À«÷­µªí ²³æ©ö¾Ç. ¬ü°ê¦U¯Å¾Ç®Õ¤w©ß±ó ù°¨­µ¼Ð«÷­µ ²z¥Ñ¬O¥À­µ¦h²Å¸¹©ö§Ñ°O! 2/17/22.

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º~¦rªe¬¥­µÅKÃÒ(77): ¶µ ­JÁ¿¤Á ªe¬¥­µho2 kang4 ¤Á¦¨ h+ ang = hang3. °ê»y­µ¤Á¤£¥X ¶µ££ ¤@ £µ£¿­µ . ¨Ò: ¤T¶µª««~sann hang3 but3 p(h)in4. ¶µ¥Øhang3 bok5. §O¶µpat3 hang5. 2/17/2022

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º~¦rªe¬¥­µÅKÃÒ(76): ¨ã ¨ä¹J¤Á ªe¬¥­µÅª¦¨ ki2 gu3 ¤Á¦¨ k + u =ku3. °ê»y­µ¤Á¤£¥X ¨ã£¡ £º4­µ. ¨Ò: ¤å¨ãbun ku3, ¤u¨ãkang ku3, ¾¹¨ãk(h)i4 ku3. 2/16/22.

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3) ¾A¶q¹B°Ê: ¤HÅé¥þ¨­²Ó­M¬Ò¥Ñ¤Æ¾Çª«½è²Õ¦¨, ¬Ò¾a¥Íª«¤Æ¾Ç¤ÏÀ³¨Óºû«ù¥Í©R, ¾A¶q¹B°Ê¯àºû«ù¥þ¨­²Ó­M¥Í¾÷. ¹B°Ê¤£¨¬ ·|³y¦¨­¹ª«¼ö¶qÂàÅܦ¨¯×ªÕ±À¿n, ¦Ó¨ÏÅé­«¼W¥[, Åé­«¶V­« ¯f¤`²v¶V°ª. ¤Ï¤§, ¹B°Ê¹L¶q³y¦¨¹B°Ê¶Ë®`, ²Ó­Mµoª¢¾÷·|¤W¤É, ¥i¾É­P¿T©Ê¯e¯f.

4) §ÙµÒ: ¦³¾÷ª«¤£§¹¥þ¿U¿N®É ²£¥Í¤j¶q·ÏÃú, §lµÒ®É§l¤J/¦R¥XµÒÃú, µÒÃú§t4,000¾lºØ¤Æ¾Çª«½è, ¨ä¤¤¦³70ºØ¬O ­PÀùª« ( carcinogens), ¯¸¦bµÒ/·ÏÃú¤§­·ÀY(«eÀY) ¥iÁקK§l¤J­PÀùª«¤À¤l. «Ç¤º¥²¶·¸TµÒ.

5) §Ù°s: ¦èÂå¤wÃÒ©ú °sºë¬O­PÀùª«, ¤]¬O«PÀùª«(«P¶i¨ä¥L­PÀùª«¤§­PÀù¬r©Ê). ­PÀù¨BÆJ±q¤Þ°_²Ó­Mµoª¢¶}©l. ¥¿±`²Ó­MÂàÅܦ¨Àù²Ó­M»Ý®É¼Æ¦~ ¤Q¾l¦~ ©Î¼Æ¤Q¦~¤£µ¥. ¤@­ÓÀù²Ó­M¥iÂ÷¶}­ì¾¹©x, ÀH¦å²G¬y¤J¥t¤@­Ó¾¹©x¦Ó¨Ï¸Ó¾¹©x¤]­PÀù (ºÙ¬° Âಾ). ¦³¤H40¾l·³±oÀù¦Ó¤`, ¦³¤H68·³±oÀù¦Ó¤`, ¬ü°êÁp¨¹°Ñij­û Bob Dole 98·³¤`©óÀù¯g. Àù²Ó­M¤£¨ü¨­Åé±±¨î, ¤HÅé§K¬Ì²Ó­M µø Àù²Ó­M ¬°¥~¨Ó¥Í©R, ®·±þ¤§, 2­Ó²Ó­M¦PÂk©óºÉ. ¦³¤H¥D±i ¥i¶¼°s¤Ö¶q, ¬J¨Ï¤Þ°_¥¿±`²Ó­MÀù¤Æ, ¨­Åé§K¬Ì¨t²Î¦³¯à¤O²M°£¤§.

«ÝÄò 12/11/2021 (Friday).

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¦èÂå°·±d¦ÛµMªø¹Ø¤§8¤j¥Í¬¡¤è¦¡(²ßºD)¼W­q ª©(Äò4):

1L) °·±d¶¼­¹Á`µ²: *¨C¤ÑÄá­¹ Omega-3 ¯×ªÕ»Ä­¹ª« (§Üµoª¢¨Æ°È), ¨Ò¦p ªÎ³½©Î³½ªo, ¦Y¯ó¤§¤û¦×, ¥¼¥[¤u¤§¤­ªÑ ºØ¤l¦p«n¥Ê¤l °íªGÃþµ¥­¹ª«. *¨C¤Ñ©w¶q ¾A¶q ¤£¹L¶q Äá­¹ Omega-6 ¯×ªÕ»Ä­¹ª«(µoª¢©Ê­¹ª«), ¨Ò¦p ½­µæªo (¥É¦Ìªo ¶À¨§ªo ¨ä¥L) , ¦×Ãþ (Âû¦× ½Þ¦× ¤û¦×). ªø´ÁÄá­¹¹L¶q ²Ó­Mµoª¢¾÷·|§ó¤j . *«e2Ãþ­¹ª«¦b¤HÅé²Ó­M¤º ¬Û¤¬¹ï§Ü. *¨C¤Ñ¾A¶qÄá­¹ ¾ñÂŪo ¯à­°§C LDL¦å¤¤¿@«×, ¼W¥[HDL¦å¤¤¿@«×, µo´§§Ü®ñ¤Æ §Üµoª¢§@¥Î. *Á`µ²§½¬O ¹w¨¾¤HÅé¾¹©xªø´ÁÙTª¢ ¦ÓÅܦ¨ºC©Ê¯e¯fµLªkªvÀø! * ¥H¤W¶¼­¹²ßºD ¯à¨­Åé¤O¦æªÌ¤£¦h, ¥xÆW¤§¦Ê·³¤H·ç ¶È1,878¤H¦Ó¤w¨o (2021¦~)! ¦èÂå¤w´£¥XÃÒ¾Ú, ¤W«Ò³y¤H¤§¹Ø©R¬O 120 ·³, ¯¬¬ü¤H«Ó­ô "¦Y¦Ê¤G" (¬¡£½120·³¤]). ¹B®ð¨ÎªÌ ¥i "¦Y¦Ê¤­" (¬¡ 150 ·³¤]). ¦³¤H­Y¯¬¤H "ªø©R¦Ê·³", ¯u¤D¥Ç¤F¤j§Ò¤]! «¢!

°·±d¶¼­¹ ¥þ¤åµ²§ô. 12/10/2021 (Friday).

¡@

¦èÂå°·±d¦ÛµMªø¹Ø¤§8¤j¥Í¬¡¤è¦¡(²ßºD)¼W­q ª©(Äò3):

1k) ¨C¤H¨C¤Ñ¥t¥~Äá­¹ extra virgin olive oil ¦³3¤j¯q³B: Extra virgin (=not refined ¥¼¸g¥[¤u) olive oil ¨Ã«D essential fat, ¤£¦Y¤£·|±o¯Ê¥F¯g, ¦ý§t±j®Ä anti-oxidants, ¨ä Dii (dietary inflammatory index) score ¶W§C, ¬O±j®Ä §Ü®ñ¤Æ »P §Üµoª¢­¹ª«. ²Ä1, ¨ä§Ü®ñ¤Æ§@¥Î¯àªý¤î LDL (ÃaÁx©T¾J)³Q®ñ¤Æ (LDL¶i¤J°Ê¯ß¦åºÞ²Ó­M«á³Q®ñ¤Æ ¾É­P°Ê¯ßµw¤Æ, §Î¦¨°Ê¯ß¦å®ê»P®ê¶ë, ¤ß¦Ù±ð¶ë, ¤¤­·µ¥¯e¯f); ¤HÅé²Ó­M¤§®ñ¤Æ¤ÏÀ³¹L«×®É(¦p¹B°Ê¹L¶q ©Î¨ä¥L¥Í¬¡stress¹L¤j®É), ¼W¥[²Ó­Mµoª¢ ­·ÀI, ¦¹®Éolive oil¤§§Ü®ñ¤Æ§@¥Î§Yµo´§ §Üµoª¢§@¥Î. ²Ä2. Olive oil ¼W¥[ HDL (¦nÁx©T¾J)§t¶q, ¨Ã«P¶iHDL¤§§Ü®ñ¤Æ»P§Üµoª¢¾÷¯à. ²Ä3. Olive oil »P lemon juice ¦X¦Y ¯à¸Ñ ¬rª«¤À¤l (toxins) ¤§¬r, ¬O¸Ñ¬r¾¯ (detoxifying agent). ¾ÇªÌ«ü¥X, ¥Î olive oil ¿Nµæ ¯à­°§C¤¤­·­·ÀI41%. ¨C¤H¨C¤é olive oil ¶¼¥Î¶q: ¾ÇªÌ«Øij 5ml ¦Ü 15ml. ¯×ªÕ»Ä¥þ¤å§¹. 12/8/2021 (Wednesday).

¡@

¦èÂå°·±d¦ÛµMªø¹Ø¤§8¤j¥Í¬¡¤è¦¡(²ßºD)¼W­q ª©(Äò2):

«ÝÄò 11/6/2021 (Monday).

¡@

¦èÂå°·±d¦ÛµMªø¹Ø¤§8¤j¥Í¬¡¤è¦¡(²ßºD)¼W­q ª©(Äò1):

1) °·±d¶¼­¹: 1d. ¤HÃþ²Ó­M½¤¾Ç°Ý¤j: ²Ó­M§e¥ßÅ骬, ¾ã­Ó²Ó­M4©P¥Ñ2¼h³J¥Õ½è¼h¥]¦í, ¤G¼h³J¥Õ½è¤§¶¡ ¶Kº¡¯×ªÕ»Ä, ¯×ªÕ»ÄºØÃþ ¨M©w²Ó­M½¤¤§¯S©Ê»P§Q¹ú; ²Ó­M½¤§t¦óºØ¯×ªÕ»Ä «h¥Ñ¤@­Ó¤HÄá­¹¦óºØ¯×ªÕ»Ä¨Ó¨M©w. 1e. ¥É¦Ìªo ¶À¨§ªo ¨ä¥L´Óª«ªo: ¤w³Q¦C¬° µoª¢©Ê­¹ª«; ¦¹Ãþ´Óª«ªo ÄÝ©ó ¦hÂùÁ䤣¹¡©M¯×ªÕ»Ä (polyunsaturated fatty acids)(§t2­Ó¥H¤W ºÒÂùÁä -C=C-), ÀuÂI¬O²Ó­M½¤¸û³n ¤£©ö¨ü·l¯}µõ, ¯ÊÂI¬OºÒÂùÁä¼Æ¥Ø¦h, ©ö»P¨ä¥L¤Æ¾Çª«½è°_¥Í¤Æ¤ÏÀ³¦Ó¨Ï²Ó­M½¤Åܽè. 1f. ³½ªo: ³Q¦C¤J §Üµoª¢­¹ª«; ¦ýÄÝ©ópolyunsaturated fatty acids; ¨ä¯q³B¦³«ÝÃÒ¹ê. 1g. ¹¡©M¯×ªÕ»Ä (saturated fatty acids): °Êª«ªo¤Æ¾Ç¤À¤l¤¤ µLºÒÂùÁä, ¨äºc¿v¤§²Ó­M½¤ °íµw©ö¯}·l ¤Þ°_µoª¢¤ÏÀ³. 1h. ³Ì¯Â olive oil (extra virgin olive oil): ³Q¦C¬°§Üµoª¢­¹ª«, ¤À¤l¤¤¥u§t¤@­Ó ºÒÂùÁä, ¨äºc¿v¤§²Ó­M½¤ §Y¦³³n«× ¤SµL°ª«×¤§¤Æ¾Ç¤ÏÀ³¬¡©Ê ²Ó­M½¤¬Û¹ïí©w, ¦³¯q©ó°·±d. 1i. ½­ªG´Ý¦s¹AÃÄ®`³B¤j: Äá­¹½­ªG¤§¯q³B¬O ½­ªG´I§t¦hÃþ´Óª«¦â¯À

(pigments), ¨ã±j®Ä anti-oxidant effects, ¹ï§Ü²Ó­M´£¦­¦Ñ¤Æ, ¦ý¨ä´Ý¯d¤§¹AÃÄ §é·l¤HÅé§K¬Ì¨t²Î , ®ø·ÀÅ餺­P¯f·L¥Íª« ­PÀù¯f¬r »PÀù²Ó­M¤§¯à¤O¤j´î; ©Ò©¯ ­¹ª«¯Å ¤pĬ¥´ ¯» (NaHCO3) ¤ô®e²G¥i¤À¸Ñ¹AÃĤÀ¤l¦Ó¸Ñ¨ä¬r©Ê.

«ÝÄò 12/3/2021 (Friday).

¡@

¦èÂå°·±d¦ÛµMªø¹Ø¤§8¤j¥Í¬¡¤è¦¡(²ßºD)¼W­qª©:

1) °·±d¶¼­¹(³ÌÃø): 1a) ¨C¤é¶q6¤j¾i¤À»ô¥þ(¾ý¯» ³J¥Õ½è ¯×ªÕ ºû¥Í¯À Äqª«½è ¤ô¤À): ªø´Á¤£¨¬¥Í¤£¨¬¯g, ªø´Á¹L¶q¥Í¹L¶q¤§¯g; ¾ý¯»´£¨Ñ¸²µå¿} ¬O²Ó­M³Ì¨Î¯à·½; ³J¥Õ½è¨ÑÀ³®ò°ò»Ä ¨Ñ²Ó­M¥Í²£²Ó­M©Ò»Ý¤§¦UºØ³J¥Õ½è; ¯×ªÕ´£¨Ñ¯×ªÕ»Ä ¨Ñ²Ó­Mºc¿v²Ó­M½¤µ¥µ¥; ºû¥Í¯À»PÄqª«½è¬O¤u¨ã ¨Ñ²Ó­M¦bÄá¤ó37«×Åé·Å¤U ¶i¦æ²Ó­M¤º½ÆÂø¤§¥Íª«¤Æ¾Ç¤ÏÀ³ ¥Hºû«ù¥Í¾÷; ¤ô¤À¬O¥þ¨­¤Æ¾Çª«½è¤§·»¾¯, ¦ûÅé­« 60%¦Ü70%, ¹L¤Ö»P¹L¦h¬Ò¥i­P¯f, 1b) ¨C¤é¼ö¶q¤§§l¦¬»P®ø¯Ó¥²¶·¥­¿Å: ¤@­Ó¤H­Y¨C¤é­¹ª«¼ö¶qÄá¨ú 1,500¥d, ¤]À³¨C¤é®ø¯Ó¸Ó¼ö¶q, ¨ÏÅé­«ºû«ù«í±` ¤£¼W¤£´î, Åé­«¤Ó»´ ±o©I§l¨t²Î¯e¯f¦Ó¤`¤§­·ÀI°ª; Åé­«¤Ó­« ±`¨£¯e¯f¤§¯f¤`²v¤W¤É; ¤J = ¥X, Åé­«¤£¼W´î. 1c) ¨C¤é¦hÄá­¹ ¦UºØ§Üµoª¢­¹ª« ¤£¦Y©Î¤Ö¦Y µoª¢©Ê­¹ª«: ¥H¹w¨¾ §C«×¥þ¨­©Ê²Ó­Mµoª¢§@¥Î, ¥ç§Y¹w¨¾¦hºØºC©Ê¯e¯f¤§µo¥Í. ­¹ª«Á|¨Ò ¸Ô¨£ 11/27/2021 ¶K¤å.

«ÝÄò 12/1/2021 (Wednesday).

¡@

¦èÂå°·±d¦ÛµMªø¹Ø¤§8¤j¥Í¬¡¤è¦¡(²ßºD):

³Ìªñ5¦~¶¡, §Ú¦bFB´¿¦h¦¸½Æ²ß¦èÂå°·±dªø¹Ø©Ò»Ý¤§¥Í¬¡²ßºD, ²{¦b¦èÂå¤S´£¥X°·±dªø¹Ø©Ò»Ý¤§·s¥Í¬¡²ßºD»P·sÃÒ¾Ú, §Ú¥²¶·¼W­q©å¤å, ·q½Ð´Á«Ý!

Within last 5 years I've reviewed on FB lifestyles that promote good health and longevity . Now that western medicine has come up with new evidence for a new role that a diet plays in maintaining good health, I'll soon revise my review here by adding the new information 

12/1/2021 (Wednesday).

¡@

¦èÂ奿¶}µo¤§«O°·§Ü¦Ñ·sÆ[©À(newest anti-ageing lifestyle) Äò:

*­¹ª«¤§µoª¢«ü¼Æ (DII score):: ¤@ºØ­¹ª«¤§DII score ¶V¤j ¨äµoª¢§@¥Î¶V±j, ¤Ï¤§, ¤@ºØ­¹ª«¤§DII score ¶V¤p ¨ä§Üµoª¢§@¥Î¶V±j, ­¹ª« DII scores ¤§½d³ò¨£«e¤å 11/27/2021.

11/28/2021 (Saturday).

¡@

¦èÂ奿¶}µo¤§«O°·§Ü¦Ñ·sÆ[©À(newest anti-ageing lifestyle) Äò:

*µoª¢©w¸q: ·í¾¹©x¤º²Ó­M¨ü·l®É(¥~¶Ë/·P¬V²Óµß Åðµß ¯f¬r/¨ä¥L¦]¯À), ²Ó­M§e²{µoª¢(¬õ¸~/µo¼ö/µh)¤ÏÀ³. *²Ó­Mµoª¢¬O¾¹©xºC©Ê¯e¯f(§tÀù¯g)¤§­«¤ß.: µoª¢©Ê­¹ª««P¦¨ §C«×¥þ¨­µoª¢¤ÏÀ³, ²£¥Í¦h¼Æ±`¨£ºC©Ê¯e¯f, §Üµoª¢©Ê­¹ª« ­°§C¤HÅé±oºC©Ê¯e¯f¤§­·ÀI. *­¹ª«¤§ DII­È½d³ò: ¼vÅT­¹ª«¤§¦]¯Às­q¬°45¶µ®É, DII scores ½d³ò¬O -8.87 ¦Ü +7.98. ­q¬° 25-30¶µ®É DII scores ½d³ò¬O -5.5¡@¦Ü +5.5. *§Üµoª¢©Ê­¹ª«Á|¨Ò: Û£Ãþ­¹ª« ³Ì°ª¯Â«× olive oil ²`¦â¥©§J¤O ªÎ³½ ©@­ù ¸²µå ¦³»¶¨ý¤§»¶´Ô ªãÂÅµæ ¹T±ù ²ùªG(浆ªG)µ¥µ¥. ªø´Á¦Y¦³¯q *µoª¢©Ê­¹ª«Á|¨Ò: °ª¯×ªÕ­¹ª« ªá¥Í ½­µæªo(¥É¦Ìªoµ¥) ½Æ¤è½Õ¨ý®Æ ¶À¨§¥[¤u«~ ¦­¤È²°À\±øª¬¥[¤u­¹ª« ¥[¤u¤­½\Ãþ¡@§t¹AÃĴݯd¤§½­ªGµ¥µ¥. ªø´Á¦Y¦³®`­·ÀI°ª

¯¬¬ü¤H«Ó­ô¡@°·±dªø¹Ø¡@¦Y¦Ê¤G¤Q. µá«ß»«¦Ñ¬ü¤H¬¡¡@124·³¡]«ÝÅçÃÒ¡^«ÝÄò 11/27/2021 (Saturday).

¡@

·P®¦¸`§Ö¼Ö! ¹ï¯«·P®¦. ¹ï¥L¤H·P®¦. ¹ï·Oµ½®a·P®¦.

11/25/2021 (Thursday). Los Angeles.

¡@

¦èÂ奿¶}µo¤§«O°·§Ü¦Ñ·sÆ[©À(newest anti-ageing lifestyle):

*­¹ª«¤À2Ãþ: µoª¢©Ê­¹ª«(¤Þ°_§C«×¥þ¨­©Êµoª¢ ¦Ó¾É­P¦UºØºC©Ê¯e¯f) »P §Üµoª¢©Ê­¹ª«(¹w¨¾¤W­zµoª¢¤ÏÀ³¦Ó§Ü¦Ñ¤Æ). *­¹ª«¤§µoª¢«ü¼Æ (dietary inflammatory index, DII): DII­È°ª¤§­¹ª« ¤Þ°_§C«×¥þ¨­©Êµoª¢ ¦Ó¾É­P¦UºØºC©Ê¯e¯f, ºÙ¬° µoª¢©Ê­¹ª« (pro-inflammatory diet); DII­È§C¤§­¹ª« ¨ã§Üµoª¢§@¥Î ºÙ¬° §Üµoª¢©Ê­¹ª« (anti-inflammatory diet) ¦Ó¹w¨¾¥þ¨­¾¹©xµoª¢ »P¤j¦h¼ÆºC©Ê¯f, *¬Gªø´Á¶¼­¹²ßºD ¨M©w¤@­Ó¤H¬O§_±o ºC©Ê¯f¦Ó¦­¤`. *­¹ª«Á|¨Ò: Û£Ãþ¤§ DII ­È§C ¯à§Üµoª¢§Ü¦Ñ¤Æ, °ª¯×ªÕ­¹ª« DII­È°ª, ªø´ÁÄá­¹ ¾¹©x©öµoª¢ ¦Ó±oºC©Ê¯f¦Ó¦­¤`.

«ÝÄò 11/24/2021 (Wednesday). ¤U¦^¦CÁ| §Üµoª¢­¹ª«s.

¡@

To all ¤é¥»¬ü¤Hs who are my FB friends:

Dear friends: Since I can't read your language, please write in English when you send me a message. You'll learn good English from me for I've been teaching English in National Taiwan University for more than 10 years. I also use Line for sending messages. But it will take some time for me to get my Line connected with Internet. I greatly

appreciate your friendship, Sincerely, Robert.  11/23/2921 (Tuesday)

¡@

¤¶²Ð¤é»yº~¦r:

*¤é¥»¬F©²³W©w: ­n·í¤é¤å¦Ñ®v, ¥²¶·¦Ò4,000­Óº~¦r. *»OÆW¤H±`¥Îº~¦r¬ù4,000¦r; ²z½×¤W ¤é¥»¬ü¤Hs ¯à²z¸ÑµØ¤H¤§FB¶K¤å. *¤é¤åº~¦r¤§­µÅª­µ µ´¤j³¡¤À¶Ç©Ó §õ®a¤j­ð«Ò°ê¤§º~¦rªø¦w­µ(§Yº~¦rªe¬¥­µ)(¸Ô¨£ <¯«¹A¤l±Ð«Ç>), ·¥¤Ö¼Æº~¦r ¤é¥»¤H¶Ç©Ó ¿ñª÷¤¸²Mµo©ú¤§º~¦r°ê»y­µ(´¶³q¸Ü­µ), §ó¦³·¥¤Ö¼Æº~¦r¥Ñ¤é¥»¤H¦Û¦æ³Ð³y, »OÆW¤H¬Ý¤£À´. *­ð°ê®É´Á(618AD-907AD), ¤é¥»¬F©²¬£ »º­ð¨Ï ¶i¾n ªø¦w ¾Çº~¦r/ªe¬¥º~¦r­µ, ªø¹F200¦~. *¤µ¤é»O»y¤§¥DÅé ¬O­ð¥N¤§ªe¬¥º~»y. *¤é»y¤§º~¦r¥DÅé¥ç¬Oªe¬¥º~»y. *ªe¬¥º~»y ¤é»y »P»O»y¤§º~¦r­µ ¬ÒµL ¦Þ­µ, ¦ý°ê»yº~¦r ¦Þ­µ¦h. *º~¦rªe¬¥­µ¬ù¦³4,000¦~¥v, ¤é»yº~¦r­µ¬ù¦³ 1,300¾l¦~¥v, »O»yº~¦r­µ¬ù¦³ 4,00¦~¥v. *¤é»y»P»O»y¤§º~¦rÁö¦P·½©óªe¬¥º~»y, ¦ý¤åªk¤£¦P; ¤é»y¥y¤l¥DµüÂ\1st, ¨üµü2nd, °ÊµüÂ\¦b³Ì«á. *¤é¥»¤H¬ÝÀ´µØ¤H¤§º~¤å, ¦ýµØ¤H¬Ý¤£À´¤é¤å! *§ÚªºFB¶K¤å ¤Þ¨Ó¦¨¸s¤§ ¤é¥»¬ü¤Hs, §Ú¥¼´¿·Q¨ì «¢!

*¤é¥»«Ò°ê ¶Ç©Ó¤j­ð«Ò°ê¬F©²³¡ªù¤§¦WºÙ(ºÙ¬° ¬Ù)¦Ü¤µ, ³o¨Ç¦WºÙ¦b¤¤°ê¤j³°»P»OÆW¤w®ø¥¢µLÂÜ!

11/22/2021 (Monday).

¡@

ªe¬¥º~»y(»O»y)­µ¤Dº~¤H¥¿²Îº~»y­µÅKÃÒ(73):

°ê »O ­^ 3 »y¦X¤@ ±Ð¾Ç(Mandarin, Han, English 3 in 1 learning):

¨Ò. ´L¶Q (adj.) ¦³¦hºØ­ì¦]©ÎÃþ«¬, ¤À­z¦p¤U (Äò):

8h) ´L¶Q ªe¬¥­µÅª¦¨ tsun kui3. ¥X¦W ts(h)ut4 mia2. µÛ¦W¤]. ³Ç¥X kiet4 (©Î ket4) ts(h)ut5. ¨ü´L·q siu3 tsun keng3.

11/16/202

¡@

ªe¬¥º~»y(»O»y)­µ¤Dº~¤H¥¿²Îº~»y­µÅKÃÒ(72):

¾É¨¥ (¸Ô¨£ 1). ¥»¤å¦CÁ| <»¡¤å1928AD>¥u¬°º~¦rª`ªe¬¥­µ¤§ÅKÃÒ:

¶Q ©~­G¤Á ªe¬¥­µ(§Yªø¦w/¬¥¶§­µ) Ū¦¨ ki ui5 ¤Á¦¨ k + ui3 = kui3. ©~­G¤Á ¤Á¤£¥X ¶Q ¥_¨Ê­µ £|£¹£°£¿ £¿.

8a) distinguished (adj.)(=famous, outstanding, eminent) µÛ¦Wªº, ³Ç¥Xªº, ¨ô¶Vªº:

a distinguished scholar ¤@¦ìµÛ¦W¾ÇªÌ. her distinguished leadership on the judiciary committee ¦o¦b¥qªk©e­û·|ùتº¨ô¶V»â¾É. He received many honors for his distinguished contribution to American letters. ¥L¹ï¬ü°ê¤å¾Çªº³Ç¥X°^Äm ¨ú±o³\¦hºaÅA (ª`: medals,etc.).

8b) distinguished (adj.)(=noble or dignified in appearance or behavior) ´L¶Qªº: a distinguished old gentleman ¤@¦ì´L¶QªºªøªÌ. his distinguished personality ¥L´L¶Qªº¤H®æ¯S½è

8c) illustrious (=highly distinguished, renowned, glorious) ·¥³Ç¥Xªº, °ª¦W±æªº, ½÷·×ªº: an illustrious leader ¤@¦ì·¥³Ç¥Xªº»â¾É¤H.

He has many illustrious achievements. ¦³³\¦h½÷·×ªº¦¨´N. He holds an illustrious title. ¥L¦³Åã»®ªºÀY»Î.

8d) preeminent (=extremely eminent, extremely distinguished, outstanding) ·¥¨ô¶Vªº: He is preeminent in his profession. ¥L¦b¨ä±M·~ùثܳǥX. China and the U.S. are world's two preeminent powers. ¤¤¬ü¤D¥@¬É2¤j±jÅv.

8e) renowned (adj.)(=famous) µÛ¦Wªº: He is a world-renowned chef responsible for the livelihoods of hundreds of restaurant workers. ¥L¬O¥@¬É¦³¦Wªº¼p®v, ¥L¾i¬¡À\À]ùؼƦʦW­û¤u.

11/14/2021

¡@

ªe¬¥º~»y(»O»y)­µ¤Dº~¤H¥¿²Îº~»y­µÅKÃÒ(71):

°ê »O ­^ 3 »y¦X¤@ ±Ð¾Ç(Mandarin, Han, English 3 in 1 learning):

¨Ò. ´L¶Q (adj.) ¦³¦hºØ­ì¦]©ÎÃþ«¬, ¤À­z¦p¤U (Äò): 8a) distinguished (adj.)(=famous, outstanding, eminent, preeminent, illustrious, renowned, famed, reputable) µÛ¦Wªº, ³Ç¥Xªº, ¨ô¶Vªº, ·¥¨ô¶Vªº, ·¥³Ç¥Xªº, ¦³°ª¦W±æªº; 8b) illustrious (=highly distinguished, renowned, glorious) ·¥³Ç¥Xªº, °ª¦W±æªº, ºaÄ£ªº; 8c) preeminent (=extremely eminent, extremely distinguished, outstanding) ·¥¨ô¶Vªº ; 8d) distinguished (adj.)(=noble or dignified in appearance or behavior) ´L¶Qªº;

«ÝÄò 11/13/2021

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½× "§C«U¦Û¥Ñ¥Á¥D¨î":

*»O¥_¥« º~¬ü¤H°é¤º §å§P¥L¤H®É ¬y¦æ¨Ï¥Î "§C«U"2¦r.

*°w¹ï110¦~12¤ë¤§4¤j¤½§ë®×, ³\¦h¬Fªv¤Hª«¥X¨Ó©Ô²¼, «Å´­ ¤ä«ù ©Î¤Ï¹ï¥ß³õ. §Úµo²{½T¹ê¦³³\¦h¬Fªv¤Hª«©Ô²¼®É¥Îµü "§C«U".

*­Y¥X®u§ë²¼·í¤Ñ, §C«U¿ï¥Á¦û¦h¼Æ, ¥Îµü§C«U¤§¬FÄÒ ¥²³Ó.

ROC¿ï¥Á¥²¶·¾Ç·|¦Ê¾l¦~¬ü°ê¥[§QºÖ¥§¨È¦{(°ê)¦Û¥Ñ¥Á¥D¨î: ¥[¦{°ê¦³¾Ëªk»P°êºX.

*ROCÁ`²Î¥Á¿ï *°ÆÁ`²Î¥Á¿ï(¦³¹êÅv) *¦æ¬F°|ªø¥Á¿ï *¥qªk°|ªø¥Á¿ï *°]¬F³¡ªø¥Á¿ï *ºÊ¹î°|ªø¥Á¿ï *¦Ò¸Õ°|ªø¥Á¿ï *ªk©x¥Á¿ï(¥[¦{°êªk©x¥Á¿ï) *¥ßªk©e­û¥Á¿ï(¥[¦{°ê°Ñij­û ²³Ä³­û¥Á¿ï) ¦UÄÒ¬£¤H¤~¬Ò¦³¾÷·|·í¿ï°Ñ¬F ¦¹¤D¥DÅv¦b¥Á¤] ¥²¶·¥þ¥Á¤½§ë¥ß·sªk10/22/2021 (Friday)

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ROC¿ï¥Á¥²¶·¾Ç·|¦Ê¾l¦~¬ü°ê¥[§QºÖ¥§¨È¦{(°ê)¦Û¥Ñ¥Á¥D¨î: ¥[¦{°ê¦³¾Ëªk»P°êºX.

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©IÆ~CPC/PRC¶Ç©Óªe¬¥º~»y:

¦Û¶À«Ò°_ ªe¬¥º~»y¤w¾ú4,718¦~, ¥¿·¢ÁcÅé¦r¤w¾ú2,200¾l¦~. º~¤Hº~»y¤D¯«¦{¤å©ú¤§®Ö¤ß¤¸¯À»PÁ|¥@¤§°ß¤@. 10/1/21

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©IÆ~ROC¥þ°ê¤H¥Á:

¤½§ë«ì´_ 9¤ë28¤é±Ð®v¸` ¥þ°ê©ñ°²¤@¤Ñ!

¬Ý²M democracy: 1st¹ÜÅv, 2nd¹Ü$. »·»¹©ó¶°Åv·G¬F! 9/28/21

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ªe¬¥º~»y(»O»y)­µ¤Dº~¤H¥¿²Îº~»y­µÅKÃÒ(65):

¾É¨¥ (¸Ô¨£ 1). ¥»¤å¦CÁ| <»¡¤å1928AD>¥u¬°º~¦rª`ªe¬¥­µ¤§ÅKÃÒ:

§Î ¤á¸g¤Á ªe¬¥­µ(§Yªø¦w/¬¥¶§­µ) Ū¦¨ ho3 keng ¤Á¦¨ h + eng = heng. ¤á¸g¤Á ¤Á¤£¥X «¬¥_¨Ê­µ £££¸£¶£½

°ê »O ­^ 3 »y¦X¤@ ±Ð¾Ç(Mandarin, Han, English 3 in 1 learning):

¨Ò. ±¡§Î ±¡¶Õ §½­± ª¬ªp (=circumstances or situation) Circumstances ¦³¤U¦C¥y«¬:9)circumstances as the subject of a sentence (circumstances ·í¥y¤l¥Dµü¥Î): His circumstances were different (¥Lªº±¡ªp¤£¦P). His unfortunate family circumstances led to his resignation (¥L¦]®a®xª¬ªp¤£©¯¦ÓÃã¾). Extraordinary circumstances arise from time to time (¤£´M±`ª¬ªp±`µo¥Í). Circumstances ¤@¦r ¥þ¤å§¹. 9/9/2021 (Thursday).

ªe¬¥º~»y(»O»y)­µ¤Dº~¤H¥¿²Îº~»y­µÅKÃÒ(64):

¾É¨¥ (¸Ô¨£ 1). ¥»¤å¦CÁ| <»¡¤å1928AD>¥u¬°º~¦rª`ªe¬¥­µ¤§ÅKÃÒ:

§Î ¤á¸g¤Á ªe¬¥­µ(§Yªø¦w/¬¥¶§­µ) Ū¦¨ ho3 keng ¤Á¦¨ h + eng = heng. ¤á¸g¤Á ¤Á¤£¥X «¬ ¥_¨Ê­µ £££¸£¶£½

°ê »O ­^ 3 »y¦X¤@ ±Ð¾Ç(Mandarin, Han, English 3 in 1 learning):

¨Ò. ±¡§Î ±¡¶Õ §½­± ª¬ªp (=circumstances or situation) Circumstances ¦³¤U¦C¥y«¬:8)under + adjective + circumstances =in + adjective + circumstances: under the, no, confused, many, a variety of, exact, different, certain, similar, the best of, such, other, most, exceptional, bizarre, right, unfortunate, traumatic, specific, these, unsafe, normal, any, the most adverse of, financial, economic, political, his, overall circumstances = in adjective circumstances. «ÝÄò 9/5/2021 (Sunday).

ªe¬¥º~»y(»O»y)­µ¤Dº~¤H¥¿²Îº~»y­µÅKÃÒ(63):

¾É¨¥ (¸Ô¨£ 1). ¥»¤å¦CÁ| <»¡¤å1928AD>¥u¬°º~¦rª`ªe¬¥­µ¤§ÅKÃÒ:

§Î ¤á¸g¤Á ªe¬¥­µ(§Yªø¦w/¬¥¶§­µ) Ū¦¨ ho3 keng ¤Á¦¨ h + eng = heng. ¤á¸g¤Á ¤Á¤£¥X «¬ ¥_¨Ê­µ £££¸£¶£½

°ê »O ­^ 3 »y¦X¤@ ±Ð¾Ç(Mandarin, Han, English 3 in 1 learning):

¨Ò. ±¡§Î ±¡¶Õ §½­± ª¬ªp (=circumstances or situation) Circumstances ¦³¤U¦C¥y«¬: 5) ¼vÅT¤@­Ó¤H¤§±¡¶Õ (=state of affairs surrounding and affecting an agent): Circumstances permitting, we sail on Monday (­n¬O±¡¶Õ³\¥i§Ú­Ì©P¤@¥X¯è). 6) µ´¤£ (=never): under no circumstances = in no circumstances. ¨Ò¨£«e¤å. 7) ¦b¦¹±¡ªp¤§¤U (=this being the case): under the circumstances = in the circumstances. Under the circumstances, we had every reason to be suspicious (¦¹±¡ªp¤U§Ú­Ì¦³²z¥ÑÃhºÃ) .

I had to give up my attempt in the circumstances (¦¹±¡¤§¤U §Ú¥²¶·©ñ±ó¹Á¸Õ). «ÝÄò 9/2/2021 (Thursday).\

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¤@¤E¤»¤K¦~, §Úªº¬ü°ê±K¤jÃľǰ| Ph.D.½Òµ{¤¤, ±Ð±Â±Ð ·sÃÄ4´ÁsÁ{§É¸ÕÅ礧¤º®e. ROC¤§¥Á¥D¬Fªv ¬r®`¤H¥Á, «s«v! 8/29/21 (Sun.). ª`: ¬ü°ê·sÃÄÁ{§É¸ÕÅç¤Z4´Ás. ¥[s «¢!

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ªe¬¥º~»y(»O»y)­µ¤Dº~¤H¥¿²Îº~»y­µÅKÃÒ(62):

¾É¨¥ (¸Ô¨£ 1). ¥»¤å¦CÁ| <»¡¤å1928AD>¥u¬°º~¦rª`ªe¬¥­µ¤§ÅKÃÒ:

§Î ¤á¸g¤Á ªe¬¥­µ(§Yªø¦w/¬¥¶§­µ) Ū¦¨ ho3 keng ¤Á¦¨ h + eng = heng. ¤á¸g¤Á ¤Á¤£¥X «¬ ¥_¨Ê­µ £££¸£¶£½

°ê »O ­^ 3 »y¦X¤@ ±Ð¾Ç(Mandarin, Han, English 3 in 1 learning):

¨Ò. ±¡§Î ±¡¶Õ §½­± ª¬ªp (=circumstances or situation) Circumstances ¦³¤U¦C¥y«¬: 4) circumstances (=unessential and accessory factors affecting an event ¼vÅT¤@¥ó¨Æ¤§¦¸­n©ÎªK¸`¦]¯À)

: The author dwells on circumstances rather than essentials (§@ªÌ°¾­«¨Æ¥ó¤§ªK¸`).

Circumstance (singular) ¦³¤U¦C¥y«¬: 1) every circumstance (every factor such as time, place, agent, etc. affecting an event ¼vÅT¤@¥ó¨Æ¤§½Ñ¦]¯À): Do not judge his behavior without considering every circumstance (§PÂ_¨eªº¦æ¬°¥²¶·¦Ò¼{¦UºØ¦]¯À). 2) a circumstance (=an incident or occurrence ¤w¸gµo¥Í¤§¤@¥ó¨Æ): His arrival was a fortunate circumstance (¥L¨Ó¬O¤@¥ó©¯¹B¤§¨Æ). a rare circumstance (µ}¨u¤§¨Æ). 3) a circumstance (=a factor accompanying and affecting an event ¼vÅT¤@¥ó¨Æ¤§³æ¤@¦]¯À): The weather is a circumstance to be taken into consideration (®ð­Ô¬O¤@¶µ¦Ò¼{¦]¯À). «ÝÄò 8/27/2021 (Friday).

ªe¬¥º~»y(»O»y)­µ¤Dº~¤H¥¿²Îº~»y­µÅKÃÒ(61):

¾É¨¥ (¸Ô¨£ 1). ¥»¤å¦CÁ| <»¡¤å1928AD>¥u¬°º~¦rª`ªe¬¥­µ¤§ÅKÃÒ:

§Î ¤á¸g¤Á ªe¬¥­µ(§Yªø¦w/¬¥¶§­µ) Ū¦¨ ho3 keng ¤Á¦¨ h + eng = heng. ¤á¸g¤Á ¤Á¤£¥X «¬ ¥_¨Ê­µ £££¸£¶£½

°ê »O ­^ 3 »y¦X¤@ ±Ð¾Ç(Mandarin, Han, English 3 in 1 learning):

¨Ò. ±¡§Î ±¡¶Õ §½­± ª¬ªp (=circumstances or situation) Circumstances ¦³¤U¦C¥y«¬: 1) ¬Fªv±¡¶Õ (political circumstances). ¸gÀÙ±¡¶Õ (economic circumstances). ªÀ·|±¡¶Õ (social circumstances). ¨­Åé°·±dª¬ªp (biological circumstances). 2) ®a®x¸gÀÙª¬ªp (=a financial situation): a family in reduced circumstances (®a®x¸gÀÙ¤í¨Î). He is in good circumstances (=in a good financial situation(®a®x¸gÀÙª¬ªp¦n). He was in easy circumstances (®a®x¸gÀÙ´¿¸g¦n¹L). He rose from difficult circumstances (±q³h½â¤¤µo¸ñ). He was in bad circums5tances (´¿¸g¸gÀÙ ¤£¨Î). 3) µ´¤£ (under no circumstances = in no circumstances = in no cases)(= never): But under no circumstances do the prices regulate the substances being created (µ´¤£¯àÅý»ù®æ±±¨î·s²£«~). He under no circumstances ever did bad things to her (µ´¥¼´¿°µÃa¨Æ). 4) «ÝÄò 8/25/2021 (Wednesday).

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8/24/2021 (Tuesday): ¬ü°ê­¹«~ÃĪ«ºÞ²z§½(FDA)­è³q¹L¬ü°ê½÷·çÃļt(Pfizer)¥Í²£¤§·s«a¯f¬r¬Ì­]BNT, ·sÃÄ °Ó«~¦W Comimaty, º~¦r¦WºÙ ´_¥²®õ.¦¹¤D¥Ø«e°ß¤@¦Xªk¨Ï¥Î¤§Covid-19 vaccine. Æg! ³\ª`: ¬ü°êFDA¼f¬d³q¹L·sÃĦXªk¨Ï¥Î ©Ò»Ý®É¶¡ ¥­§¡¬O 10 ¦~, ¥i¨£¦¹·sÃijq¹L¼f¬d¤§§Ö! Ãļt¨ú±o·sÃĨϥΰõ·Ó¤§±ø¥ó: Ãļt¥²¶·ÃÒ©ú·sÃĦ³®Ä (proof of efficacy), Ãļt¥²¶·ÃÒ©ú·sÃĹï¤HÅé¦w¥þ (proof of safety), ¤W¥««áÃļt¥²¶·«ùÄò°lÂÜ·sÃĤ§Àø®Ä»P¦w¥þ©Ê ¥H«K©óFDA¦b¥²­n®É ºM¾P¨Ï¥Î·sÃÄ°õ·Ó. §Ú©|¥¼ª`®g¬Ì­] ¤@ª½¦bµ¥ BNT.

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ªe¬¥º~»y(»O»y)­µ¤Dº~¤H¥¿²Îº~»y­µÅKÃÒ(60):

¾É¨¥ (¸Ô¨£ 1). ¥»¤å¦CÁ| <»¡¤å1928AD>¥u¬°º~¦rª`ªe¬¥­µ¤§ÅKÃÒ:

§Î ¤á¸g¤Á ªe¬¥­µ(§Yªø¦w/¬¥¶§­µ) Ū¦¨ ho3 keng ¤Á¦¨ h + eng = heng. ¤á¸g¤Á ¤Á¤£¥X «¬ ¥_¨Ê­µ £££¸£¶£½

°ê »O ­^ 3 »y¦X¤@ ±Ð¾Ç(Mandarin, Han, English 3 in 1 learning):

¨Ò. §Î¶H (=images) heng siang3 ©Î heng siong3. Image ¦³5ºØ©w¸q: 1) §Î¶H (=personality presented to the public): a public figure's image (¤½²³¤Hª«§Î¶H). a politician's image (¬Fªv¤Hª«§Î¶H). the corporate image (¤½¥q¥ø·~§Î¶H). the image of a nation (°ê®a§Î¶H). 2) ½Æ»s«~ ©Î½ª© (=copy): That child is the image of his mother ( ¥À¿Ë¤§Â½ª©). 3) ¤Æ¨­ (=personification of a specified quality): he is the image of good bleeding (¦n±Ð¾i¤§¤Æ¨­). 4) ¨ãÅé¤Æ©Î²{¨­ (=embodiment): Red face and angry, he was the image of frustration (®À§é¤§²{¨­). 5) °¸¹³©Î¯«¹³©ÎÀJ¹³©Îµe¹³(=idol, statue, effigy): They knelt down before the graven (=sculptured) images (¦bÀJ¨è¯«¹³«e¤U¸÷). the image of a deity (¯«¹³). «ÝÄò 8/20/2021 (Friday).

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¦n¾Çº~¦r»O»y­µ¦n¤Í­Ì: ¥i¥Î ¤â¾÷line »P§Ú¬°¤Í, §Y¥iŪ¨ì§Ú¤â¾÷¤Wªº º~¦rªe¬¥­µ±Ð§÷ ¦³§Úªº¿ý­µ¸Ñ»¡ ²³æ©ö¾Ç ®ÄªG«Ü¦n.

§Ú¨Ï¥Î3¤j¨t²Î¼g±Ð§÷: 1) ¥v¤W8¤jº~¦rªe¬¥­µ¦r¨å. 2) ¤é¥»1,000¾l¦~¨Óº~¦r­µÅª­µ¨t²Î. 3) ¬ü°ê­^¤å¦r¥À«÷º~¦r»O»y­µ¨t²Î. 3¦X1±Ð§÷¥H¤â¾÷¿ý­µ¸Ñ»¡, «D±`²³æ©ö¾Ç, ®ÄªG©_¨Î! 8/15/2021

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ªe¬¥º~»y(»O»y)­µ¤Dº~¤H¥¿²Îº~»y­µÅKÃÒ(59):

¾É¨¥ (¸Ô¨£ 1). ¥»¤å¦CÁ| <»¡¤å1928AD>¥u¬°º~¦rª`ªe¬¥­µ¤§ÅKÃÒ:

§Î ¤á¸g¤Á ªe¬¥­µ(§Yªø¦w/¬¥¶§­µ) Ū¦¨ ho3 keng ¤Á¦¨ h + eng = heng. ¤á¸g¤Á ¤Á¤£¥X «¬ ¥_¨Ê­µ £££¸£¶£½

°ê »O ­^ 3 »y¦X¤@ ±Ð¾Ç(Mandarin, Han, English 3 in 1 learning):

¨Ò. ±¡§Î (=situation) tseng heng2. §Î¶H (=images) heng siang3 ©Î heng siong3. §Îª¬ (=shapes) heng tsong5. «ÝÄò

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ªe¬¥º~»y(»O»y)­µ¤Dº~¤H¥¿²Îº~»y­µÅKÃÒ(58):

¾É¨¥ (¸Ô¨£ 1). ¥»¤å¦CÁ| <»¡¤å1928AD>¥u¬°º~¦rª`ªe¬¥­µ¤§ÅKÃÒ:

®a ¥j¤ú¤Á ªe¬¥­µ(§Yªø¦w/¬¥¶§­µ) Ū¦¨ ko4 ge ¤Á¦¨ k + ge = ke. ®a ªe¬¥¤f»y­µÅª¦¨ ka. ¨Ò. ¥~®a gue3/gua3 ke (=®Q®a¤]). ¥j¤ú¤Á ¤Á¤£¥X ®a ¥_¨Ê­µ £¡£¸£«.

°ê »O ­^ 3 »y¦X¤@ ±Ð¾Ç(Mandarin, Han, English 3 in 1 learning):

¨Ò. ®aÄÝ (ka siok5) ¿ËÄÝ ((ts(h)in siok5) ¦³¤°»ò¤H (u3 sa ma lang2): ªü¤½ a kong (¯ª¤÷¤]). ªü ¤k»ò a ma4 (¯ª¥À¤]). ªü§B a pe5 (§B¤÷¤]). §B¥À a m4. ªü¨û a tsik5 (¨û¨û¤]). ªüÂT a isim4 (¨û¥À¤]). ªü©h a ko. ©h¤V ko tiunn5. ªü¸¤ a ku5 (¸¤¤÷¤]). ¸¤¥À(¸¤¶ý) a kim5. ªü«¼ a i2. «¼¤V i tiunn5. ªü¥S a hiann (­ô­ô¤]) ¤p§Ì siou ti5 (§Ì§Ì¤]). ªü©n a tsi4 (©n©n¤]). ©n¤Ò tsi hu.

¤p©f siou muai5 (©f©f¤]). ©f´B muai3 sai3 (©f¤Ò¤]). °ó¥S tong hiann. °ó§Ì tong ti5. ªí¥S piau hiann. ªí§Ì piau ti5. ªí©n piau tsi4. ªí©f piau muai5. ©¨¤÷ gak3 hu5. ©¨¥À gak3 bou4. ¸¤ªü ku a4 (©d¤§¥S§Ì¤]). «¼ªü i a4 (©d¤§©n©f¤]). «¿¨à (tsit4 ji2) = «¿¤l (tsit4 tsu4). «¿¤k tsit4 li4. ¥~µcªü gue3 seng a4. ¥~µc¤k gue3 seng li a4. ¤÷¥À pe3 bou4. ¥Í¤÷ seng pe5. ¥Í¥À seng bou4. ¾i¥À iang bou4. «á¥À au3 bou4. ¾i¤l iang tsu4. ¾i¤k iang li a4. ¥S©fªü hia muai5 a4. ³\ª`: ªü ¬Oº~¤HºD¥Î¦r, Â\¦b¦Wµü«e©Î¦Wµü«á. ®a ¦r¥þ¤å§¹. 8/3/2021 (Tuesday).

ªe¬¥º~»y(»O»y)­µ¤Dº~¤H¥¿²Îº~»y­µÅKÃÒ(57):

¾É¨¥ (¸Ô¨£ 1). ¥»¤å¦CÁ| <»¡¤å1928AD>¥u¬°º~¦rª`ªe¬¥­µ¤§ÅKÃÒ:

®a ¥j¤ú¤Á ªe¬¥­µ(§Yªø¦w/¬¥¶§­µ) Ū¦¨ ko4 ge ¤Á¦¨ k + ge = ke. ®a ªe¬¥¤f»y­µÅª¦¨ ka. ¨Ò. ¥~®a gue3/gua3 ke (=®Q®a¤]). ¥j¤ú¤Á ¤Á¤£¥X ®a ¥_¨Ê­µ £¡£¸£«.

°ê »O ­^ 3 »y¦X¤@ ±Ð¾Ç(Mandarin, Han, English 3 in 1 learning):

¨Ò. ®aÄÝ (ka siok5) = family members. ¤÷¿Ë¦³4Ãþ (our categories of fatherhood):

1) ¿Ë¥Í(­ì¥Í)¤÷¿Ë = birth father also called biological father = father who gives half of his own genes to a birth child (¤p«Ä¦³¤@¥b°ò¦]¨Ó¦Û¥Í¤÷). Birth parents also called biological parents = ¥Í¤÷»P¥Í¥À. 2) ªk«ß¤W¤§¾i¤÷ = adoptive father = father who adopts a child legally and permanently (¾i¤÷¬Oªk«ß¤W³Q»â¾i¤p«Ä¤@½ú¤l¤§¤÷¿Ë,). ¾i¤÷»P¾i¥À = the adoptive parents. 3) ±H¾i¤§¤÷¿Ë = a foster father who temporarily brings up, raises, and rears for years a child from another family (¼È®É¾i¨|¥L¤H¤p«Ä¤§¤÷¿Ë). ±H¾i¤÷»P¥À = foster parents = parents who temporarily raise and rear a child in foster care. 4) Ä~¤÷ = stepfather = a father whom a child's birth mother remarries (¥Í¥À¦A±B¤§¨k¤H¤]) . «ÝÄò. 8/2/2021 (Monday).

ªe¬¥º~»y(»O»y)­µ¤Dº~¤H¥¿²Îº~»y­µÅKÃÒ(56):

¾É¨¥ (¸Ô¨£ 1). ¥»¤å¦CÁ| <»¡¤å1928AD>¥u¬°º~¦rª`ªe¬¥­µ¤§ÅKÃÒ:

®a ¥j¤ú¤Á ªe¬¥­µ(§Yªø¦w/¬¥¶§­µ) Ū¦¨ ko4 ge ¤Á¦¨ k + ge = ke. ®a ªe¬¥¤f»y­µÅª¦¨ ka. ¨Ò. ¥~®a gue3/gua3 ke (=®Q®a¤]). ¥j¤ú¤Á ¤Á¤£¥X ®a ¥_¨Ê­µ £¡£¸£«.

°ê »O ­^ 3 »y¦X¤@ ±Ð¾Ç(Mandarin, Han, English 3 in 1 learning):

¨Ò. ®aÄÝ (ka siok5) = family members. ¥À¿Ë¦³5Ãþ (five categories of motherhood):

1) ¿Ë¥Í¥À¿Ë ©ÎºÙ­ì¥Í¥À¿Ë = birth mother also called biological mother = mother who gives birth to a child from her own fertilized ovum (¥À¿Ë¤§§Z¨üºë«á¥Í¥X¤p«Ä). 2) ¥N²z¥¥¥À ²ºÙ¥¥¥À = surrogate mother = mother into whose uterus another woman's fertilized ovum is transferred to complete a 9-month pregnancy process before baby is born (¥¥¥À¥u¥N²zÃh¥¥ ¤£¨Ï¥Î¦Û¤v¤§§Z¤l). 3) ªk«ß¤W¤§¾i¥À = adoptive mother = an adoptive mother legally adopts a child permanently (¦¹ªk«ßµ{§ÇºÙ¬° »â¾i »{¾i ©Î¦¬¾i, ¾i¥À»P»{¾i¤p«Ä¤§ªk«ßÃö«Y¤@½ú¤l), an adopted child = ³Q»â¾i¤§¤p«Ä. the adoptive parents = »â¾i¤÷ »P¥À. »â¾i = to adopt vt. adoption n. 4) ±H¾i¥À¿Ë = foster mother = a foster mother temporarily raises and rears a child from other families (¾á¥ô±H¾i¤§¥À¿Ë»P³Q±H¾i¤§¤p«Ä µLªk«ßÃö«Y). a foster father = ±H¾i¤÷. a foster child = ³Q±H¾i¤§¤p«Ä. a foster home = ±H¾i§O¤H¤p«Ä¤§®a®x. foster parents = ±H¾i¤÷»P±H¾i¥À. ±H¾i¤p«Ä = to foster vt. under fosterage n. = in foster care n. 5) Ä~¥À¥çºÙ«á¥À = stepmother = mother whom a child's father marries again (¤p«Ä¤÷¿Ë¦A±B«á¤§¥À¿Ë¤], ¹ï¤p«ÄµLªk«ßÅv¤O), «ÝÄò 8/1/2021 (Sunday).

ªe¬¥º~»y(»O»y)­µ¤Dº~¤H¥¿²Îº~»y­µÅKÃÒ(55):

¾É¨¥ (¸Ô¨£ 1). ¥»¤å¦CÁ| <»¡¤å1928AD>¥u¬°º~¦rª`ªe¬¥­µ¤§ÅKÃÒ:

®a ¥j¤ú¤Á ªe¬¥­µ(§Yªø¦w/¬¥¶§­µ) Ū¦¨ ko4 ge ¤Á¦¨ k + ge = ke. ®a ªe¬¥¤f»y­µÅª¦¨ ka. ¨Ò. ¥~®a gue3/gua3 ke (=®Q®a¤]). ¥j¤ú¤Á ¤Á¤£¥X ®a ¥_¨Ê­µ £¡£¸£«.

°ê »O ­^ 3 »y¦X¤@ ±Ð¾Ç(Mandarin, Han, English 3 in 1 learning):

¨Ò. ¿ËÄÝ (( ts(h)in siok5)) = relatives.

Nephews («¿¨à) = my brother's sons (§Ú¥S§Ì¤§¤l). Nephews (¥~µc) = my sister's sons (§Ú©n©f¤§¤l)(§A¬O¸¤). Nieces («¿¤k) = my brother's daughters (§Ú¥S§Ì¤§¤k¨à). Nieces (¥~µc¤k) = my sister's daughters (§Ú©n©f¤§¤k¨à)(§A¬O¸¤). «ÝÄò 7/31/2021 (Saturday).

ªe¬¥º~»y(»O»y)­µ¤Dº~¤H¥¿²Îº~»y­µÅKÃÒ(54):

¾É¨¥ (¸Ô¨£ 1). ¥»¤å¦CÁ| <»¡¤å1928AD>¥u¬°º~¦rª`ªe¬¥­µ¤§ÅKÃÒ:

®a ¥j¤ú¤Á ªe¬¥­µ(§Yªø¦w/¬¥¶§­µ) Ū¦¨ ko4 ge ¤Á¦¨ k + ge = ke. ®a ªe¬¥¤f»y­µÅª¦¨ ka. ¨Ò. ¥~®a gue3/gua3 ke (=®Q®a¤]). ¥j¤ú¤Á ¤Á¤£¥X ®a ¥_¨Ê­µ £¡£¸£«.

°ê »O ­^ 3 »y¦X¤@ ±Ð¾Ç(Mandarin, Han, English 3 in 1 learning):

¨Ò. ®aÄÝ (ka siok5) = family members. ¿ËÄÝ (( ts(h)in siok5)) = relatives. Uncles (§B/¨û) = father's brothers (¤÷¤§¥S§Ì). Uncles (¸¤) = mother's brothers (¥À¤§¥S§Ì). Aunts (©h) = father's sisters ( ¤÷¤§©n©f). Aunts («¼) = mother's sisters (¥À¤§©n©f). Cousins (°ó¥S§Ì©n©f) = Uncle's sons and daughters (§B/¨û¤§¤l¤k). Cousins (ªí¥S§Ì©n©f) = aunt's/uncle's sons and daughters (©h/«¼/¸¤¤§¤l¤k)(©hªí/«¼ªí/¸¤ªí¤]). «ÝÄò 7/30/2021 (Friday).

ªe¬¥º~»y(»O»y)­µ¤Dº~¤H¥¿²Îº~»y­µÅKÃÒ(53):

¾É¨¥ (¸Ô¨£ 1). ¥»¤å¦CÁ| <»¡¤å1928AD>¥u¬°º~¦rª`ªe¬¥­µ¤§ÅKÃÒ:

®a ¥j¤ú¤Á ªe¬¥­µ(§Yªø¦w/¬¥¶§­µ) Ū¦¨ ko4 ge ¤Á¦¨ k + ge = ke. ®a ªe¬¥¤f»y­µÅª¦¨ ka. ¨Ò. ¥~®a gue3/gua3 ke (=®Q®a¤]). ¥j¤ú¤Á ¤Á¤£¥X ®a ¥_¨Ê­µ £¡£¸£«.

°ê »O ­^ 3 »y¦X¤@ ±Ð¾Ç(Mandarin, Han, English 3 in 1 learning):

¨Ò. ¥~®a (º~¤Hº~»y)(¦è¤¸«e <¥v°O>§@ªÌ¥q°¨¾E¥Îµü) = ©d¤§®Q®a (¿ñª÷¤¸²Mµ¥­J¤Hº~»y¥Îµü) = ©¨¤÷©¨¥À¤§®a = the in-laws = the in-laws family = father-in-law (©¨¤÷, ©d¤§¤÷¤]) + mother-in-law (©¨¥À, ©d¤§¥À¤]) + brothers-in-law (©d¤§¥S§Ì) + sisters-in-law (©d¤§©n©f). ¦Û¶À«Ò°_, ¥~®a¤@µüªu¥Î¦Ü¤µ ¤wªñ5,000¦~¤]. »OÆW¤D­ìª©º~¤H¤å©ú¤§ °ß¤@¶Ç©Ó¦a. ¸U·³! «ÝÄò 7/29/2021 (Thursday)

ªe¬¥º~»y(»O»y)­µ¤Dº~¤H¥¿²Îº~»y­µÅKÃÒ(52):

¾É¨¥ (¸Ô¨£ 1). ¥»¤å¦CÁ| <»¡¤å1928AD>¥u¬°º~¦rª`ªe¬¥­µ¤§ÅKÃÒ:

®a ¥j¤ú¤Á ªe¬¥­µ(§Yªø¦w/¬¥¶§­µ) Ū¦¨ ko4 ge ¤Á¦¨ k + ge = ke. ®a ªe¬¥¤f»y­µÅª¦¨ ka. ¨Ò. ¥~®a gue3/gua3 ke (=®Q®a¤]). ®a®x ke/ka teng2. °ê®a kok4 ka. ÀY®a t(h)au ke. (=¦ÑÁó¤]). ¤å¾Ç®a bun hak3 ka. ÃÀ³N®a ge3 sut3 ka. ®aªø ka/ke tiunn4.

®aÄÝ ka siok5. ¥j¤ú¤Á ¤Á¤£¥X ®a ¥_¨Ê­µ £¡£¸£«.

°ê »O ­^ 3 »y¦X¤@ ±Ð¾Ç(Mandarin, Han, English 3 in 1 learning): «ÝÄò 7/28/2021 (Wednesday).

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7/25/2021: Áp¦X°ê±Ð¬ì¤å²Õ´ ¼f¬d³q¹L

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ªe¬¥º~»y(»O»y)­µ¤Dº~¤H¥¿²Îº~»y­µÅKÃÒ(51):

¾É¨¥ (¸Ô¨£ 1). ¥»¤å¦CÁ| <»¡¤å1928AD>¥u¬°º~¦rª`ªe¬¥­µ¤§ÅKÃÒ:

©ú ªZ§L¤Á ªe¬¥­µ(§Yªø¦w/¬¥¶§­µ) Ū¦¨ bu4 peng ¤Á¦¨ b + eng = beng2. ¨Ò. ©ú¥Õ beng pek5. ©úÁA beng liau2.

°ê »O ­^ 3 »y¦X¤@ ±Ð¾Ç(Mandarin, Han, English 3 in 1 learning): ©ú¥Õ = ©úÁA (=À´) to understand v. = to comprehend v. = to grasp v.

understanding n. = comprehension n. = grasp n.

to grasp (vt., vi) and grasp (n.) ¥t¤@©w¸q»P¥y«¬: 1) to grasp (vt.) sg = to grasp (vi.) at sg (=to seize or hold or grip sg firmly with the hands §ìºò): He persuades people to grasp the handrail while both ascending and descending stairs, then sanitize your hand. = ¤W¤U¼Ó±è­n§ìºò§ß¤â ¦A¬~¤â. A drowning man is grasping (vi) at straws. = ¤U¨I¤§¤H§ì¦í¯ó. 2) to grasp (vi.) for sg (=to attempt to seize or hold sg ·Q§ì¦í): He attempts to grasp (vi) for the looter's rifle. = ·Q§ì¨«¥´§TªÌ¤â¤W¤§ºjªK. 3) He took her in his grasp (n.) = §ì¦í ¬ü¤H¤§¤â. ©ú ¦r¥þ¤å§¹. 7/26/2021 (Monday).

ªe¬¥º~»y(»O»y)­µ¤Dº~¤H¥¿²Îº~»y­µÅKÃÒ(50):

¾É¨¥ (¸Ô¨£ 1). ¥»¤å¦CÁ| <»¡¤å1928AD>¥u¬°º~¦rª`ªe¬¥­µ¤§ÅKÃÒ:

©ú ªZ§L¤Á ªe¬¥­µ(§Yªø¦w/¬¥¶§­µ) Ū¦¨ bu4 peng ¤Á¦¨ b + eng = beng2. ¨Ò. ©ú¥Õ beng pek5. ©úÁA beng liau2.

°ê »O ­^ 3 »y¦X¤@ ±Ð¾Ç(Mandarin, Han, English 3 in 1 learning): ©ú¥Õ = ©úÁA (=À´) to understand v. = to comprehend v. = to grasp v.

understanding n. = comprehension n. = grasp n. ­^¤å ¥y«¬¦p¤U: 1) to grasp (vt.) sg (=to understand or comprehend): I don't grasp your meaning. = §Ú¤£©úÁA(¤£À´)¦¼·N. 2) to have a good, sound, solid grasp (n.) of sg (=to have broad or thorough comprehension of sg); He has a good grasp of the concepts of mathematics, the essentials of physics, the realities of the situation. = À´¼Æ¾Ç, À´ª«²z, À´¾ãÅ骬ªp. He has widening grasp of languages. = À´¦hºØ»y¨¥. the comprehensive grasp of the subject = ¹ï¦¹ÃD¥Ø¦³¥R¤ÀÁA¸Ñ. «ÝÄò 7/25/2021 (Sunday).

ªe¬¥º~»y(»O»y)­µ¤Dº~¤H¥¿²Îº~»y­µÅKÃÒ(49):

¾É¨¥ (¸Ô¨£ 1). ¥»¤å¦CÁ| <»¡¤å1928AD>¥u¬°º~¦rª`ªe¬¥­µ¤§ÅKÃÒ:

©ú ªZ§L¤Á ªe¬¥­µ(§Yªø¦w/¬¥¶§­µ) Ū¦¨ bu4 peng ¤Á¦¨ b + eng = beng2. ¨Ò. ©ú¥Õ beng pek5. ©úÁA beng liau2.

°ê »O ­^ 3 »y¦X¤@ ±Ð¾Ç(Mandarin, Han, English 3 in 1 learning): ©ú¥Õ = ©úÁA = to understand v. = to comprehend v. = to grasp v.

understanding n. = comprehension n. = grasp n. «ÝÄò 7/23/2021 (Friday)

ªe¬¥º~»y(»O»y)­µ¤Dº~¤H¥¿²Îº~»y­µÅKÃÒ(48):

¾É¨¥ (¸Ô¨£ 1). ¥»¤å¦CÁ| <»¡¤å1928AD>¥u¬°º~¦rª`ªe¬¥­µ¤§ÅKÃÒ:

©ú ªZ§L¤Á ªe¬¥­µ(§Yªø¦w/¬¥¶§­µ) Ū¦¨ bu4 peng ¤Á¦¨ b + eng = beng2. ¨Ò. »¡©ú sue4 beng2, suat4 beng2.

°ê »O ­^ 3 »y¦X¤@ ±Ð¾Ç(Mandarin, Han, English 3 in 1 learning): »¡©ú = to explain = to interpret = to construe. ¨Ò. to interpret vt. ¦³2¥y«¬:

1) to interpret sg (=to explain sg or to give the meaning of sg or to construe sg): How do you interpret the data, the findings. = §A¦p¦ó¸Ñ»¡¦¹¼Æ¾Ú, ¦¹µo²{. Can you interpret her smile? = §A¯à¸Ñ»¡¦oªº¯º®e¶Ü? Different courts sometimes interpret the same act in different ways. = ¤£¦Pªk°|¸Ñ»¡¦P¤@ªk«ß¦³®É¤£¤@¼Ë. 2) to interpret sg as sg else (=to construe ---as---): He interprets her reply as favorable. = §â¦^¸Ü¸Ñ»¡¦¨¦P·N. He interprets her smile as an invitation. = §â¬ü¤Hªº¯º®e¸Ñ»¡¦¨ ¦³·NÁܽЫӭô. Some people interpret these questions as sensitive. = ¦³¨Ç¤H±N³o¨Ç°ÝÃD¸Ñ»¡¦¨±Ó·P¤£©y°Ý. ¤S to interpret vi = to translate orally or literally = ¤fÀYª½Ä¶. Would you interpret (vi) for me? = Ä@À°§Ú¤fÀY½Ķ¶Ü? 7/23/2021 (Friday).

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1) <¥Ò°©¤å¦r½s>, 4¥¨¥U, ½sªÌ ¥xÆW¶³ªL¤H §õ©vµO , ¥_¤jPhD, ROC¤¤¬ã°|¥D¥ô, 2012¦~ ¥_¨Ê¤¤µØ®Ñ§½¥Xª©, ±q¥Ò°©¤å¾ã²z¥X 4,378­Ó·¢®Ñº~¦r, ¨C­Óº~¦r¤§¥Ò°©¤å¬Ò¦b®Ñ¤¤, °â»ùªñ NT$5,000. µ²»y: º~¤H¤å©ú¤§¦a¬O¥xÆW! º~¦r¬Oº~¤H¤å©ú¤§®Ö¤ß¤¸¯À! «ÝÄò 7/21/2021 Wednesday.

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ªe¬¥º~»y(»O»y)­µ¤Dº~¤H¥¿²Îº~»y­µÅKÃÒ(47):

¾É¨¥ (¸Ô¨£ 1). ¥»¤å¦CÁ| <»¡¤å1928AD>¥u¬°º~¦rª`ªe¬¥­µ¤§ÅKÃÒ:

©ú ªZ§L¤Á ªe¬¥­µ(§Yªø¦w/¬¥¶§­µ) Ū¦¨ bu4 peng ¤Á¦¨ b + eng = beng2. ¨Ò. ³z©ú t(h)au4 beng2. »¡©ú sue4 beng2, suat4 beng2. µo©ú huat4 beng2. ©ú¥Õ beng pek5. ¤S ©ú ªe¬¥¤f»y­µÅª¦¨ me (¤f): ©ú¦~ me ni2. ©ú ªe¬¥¤f»y­µ¤S Ū¦¨ bin (¤f): ©úªü¦­ bin a tsai ©ú¤Ñ¦­¤W¤]. ªZ§L¤Á ¤Á¤£ ¥X ©ú ¥_¨Ê­µ £v£¸£¶£½.

°ê »O ­^ 3 »y¦X¤@ ±Ð¾Ç(Mandarin, Han, English 3 in 1 learning): »¡©ú = to explain = to interpret = to construe. ¨Ò. to construe vt. ¦³3¥y«¬: 1) to construe sg: Kant attempted to construe for himself the real significance of Christ. = ±d¼w(¼w°ê­õ¾Ç®a)¹Á¸Õ»¡©ú¥Õ°ò·þ¤§¯u¸q. Can you construe this poem for me? = §A¯àÀ°§Ú¸Ñ»¡¦¹¸Ö¶Ü?. He construes her intentions from her gestures. = «Ó­ô±q¬ü¤HÁ|¤î ¸Ñ»¡¦oªº·N¦V. You can construe that in different ways. = ¦³¦UºØ¤£¦P»¡ªk. (=to interpret the meaning of that). 2) to construe sg to be sg else: Packages of food items with money are construed to be bribes. = ¥]»q¸Ì¦³­¹ª«»P¶r²¼³Q»¡¦¨¬O¸ì¸ï¤§ª«. 3) to construe sg as sg else: He chose to construe this utterance as a denial of the devinity of Christ. = ±N³oºØ¸Ü»¡¦¨¬O¹ï°ò·þ¯«©Ê¤§§_©w. The church construes this as a confession of guilt. = ±Ð·|»¡¦¹¨Æµ¥©ó©Ó»{¦³¸o. He attempted to construe the act as applying only to the English Church. = ±N¸Óªk«ß»¡¦¨¬O¥u¾A¥Î©ó­^°ê±Ð·|. «ÝÄò 7/20/2021 (Tuesday).

ªe¬¥º~»y(»O»y)­µ¤Dº~¤H¥¿²Îº~»y­µÅKÃÒ(46):

¾É¨¥ (¸Ô¨£ 1). ¥»¤å¦CÁ| <»¡¤å1928AD>¥u¬°º~¦rª`ªe¬¥­µ¤§ÅKÃÒ:

©ú ªZ§L¤Á ªe¬¥­µ(§Yªø¦w/¬¥¶§­µ) Ū¦¨ bu4 peng ¤Á¦¨ b + eng = beng2. ¨Ò. ³z©ú t(h)au4 beng2. »¡©ú sue4 beng2, suat4 beng2. µo©ú huat4 beng2. ©ú¥Õ beng pek5. ¤S ©ú ªe¬¥¤f»y­µÅª¦¨ me (¤f): ©ú¦~ me ni2. ©ú ªe¬¥¤f»y­µ¤S Ū¦¨ bin (¤f): ©úªü¦­ bin a tsai ©ú¤Ñ¦­¤W¤]. ªZ§L¤Á ¤Á¤£ ¥X ©ú ¥_¨Ê­µ £v£¸£¶£½.

°ê »O ­^ 3 »y¦X¤@ ±Ð¾Ç: «ÝÄò 7/19/2021 (Monday).

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ªe¬¥º~»y(»O»y)­µ¤Dº~¤H¥¿²Îº~»y­µÅKÃÒ(45):

¾É¨¥ (¸Ô¨£ 1). ¥»¤å¦CÁ| <»¡¤å1928AD>¥u¬°º~¦rª`ªe¬¥­µ¤§ÅKÃÒ:

±Ò ±d§¤Á ªe¬¥­µ(§Yªø¦w/¬¥¶§­µ) Ū¦¨ k(h)ong le4 ¤Á¦¨ k(h) + e4 = k(h)e4.

°ê »O ­^ 3¦X1±Ð¾Ç (Mandarin, Han, English 3 in 1 learning) : ±Ò (v.) = ±Ò»X k(h)e bong2 , ±Òµo k(h)e huat5, ±Ò¥Ü k(h)e si5. (=enlightenment n.), ¨Ò. 1) China's 1st Enlightenment: ¼B®aº~°ê¥ß°ê400¾l¦~, ³Ð³yÁcÅé·¢®Ñº~¦r, ªu¥Î¦Ü¤µ2,000¾l¦~, ¬O1st±Ò»X³Ð·s¤§§@: ¤H¥ÁºÙ¬°º~¤H, »y¨¥ºÙ¬°º~»y, ¤å¦rºÙ¬°º~¦r, ¤DÁ|¥@¤§°ß¤@. 2) China's 2nd Enlightenment: ²ßªñ¥­»â¾É¯«¦{¶i¤J2nd ±Ò»X³Ð·s®É¥N ¶}µo 7¤j¦yºÝ¬ì§Þ ¥Ø¼Ð¬OÁ|¥@1st: Artificial intelligence (AI), Quantum computing, Semiconductors, Brain-computer fusion technology, Genomics and biotechnology, Clinical medicine and health, Deep space deep earth deep sea and polar research. ±Ò ¦r¥þ¤å§¹. 7/17/2021 (Saturday).

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ªe¬¥º~»y(»O»y)­µ¤Dº~¤H¥¿²Îº~»y­µÅKÃÒ(44):

¾É¨¥ (¸Ô¨£ 1). ¥»¤å¦CÁ| <»¡¤å1928AD>¥u¬°º~¦rª`ªe¬¥­µ¤§ÅKÃÒ:

±Ò ±d§¤Á ªe¬¥­µ(§Yªø¦w/¬¥¶§­µ) Ū¦¨ k(h)ong le4 ¤Á¦¨ k(h) + e4 = k(h)e4.

°ê »O ­^ 3¦X1±Ð¾Ç (Mandarin, Han, English 3 in 1 learning) : ±Ò (v.) = ±Ò»X k(h)e bong2 , ±Òµo k(h)e huat5, ±Ò¥Ü k(h)e si5. (=enlightenment n.), ¨Ò. the Enlightenment (±Ò»X¹B°Ê): European philosophical movement in the 18th century emphasizing the power of human reason. = ¼Ú¬w±Ò»X¹B°Ê ¬ð¥X¤HÃþ²z©Ê«äºû¤O¶q¤§¤j(³\ª`: ¬ì§Þ³Ð·s¤§·½). The Enlightenment in Buddhism: All men (=all humans) are subject to endless cycle of personal reincarnation and awakening to ultimate truth ends in freedom from reincarnaqtion. = ¥@¤W¨C¤H¥²¸gµL¤î¹Ò¤§¥Í©R½ü°j, ±o¹D¦¨¦ò«á¥Í©R¤£¦A½ü°j¦Ó¶i¤Jnirvana ¯Iºn¤Ñ°ó¤]. «ÝÄò 7/16/2021 (Friday).

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ªe¬¥º~»y(»O»y)­µ¤Dº~¤H¥¿²Îº~»y­µÅKÃÒ(43):

¾É¨¥ (¸Ô¨£ 1). ¥»¤å¦CÁ| <»¡¤å1928AD>¥u¬°º~¦rª`ªe¬¥­µ¤§ÅKÃÒ:

±Ò ±d§¤Á ªe¬¥­µ(§Yªø¦w/¬¥¶§­µ) Ū¦¨ k(h)ong le4 ¤Á¦¨ k(h) + e4 = k(h)e4.

°ê »O ­^ 3¦X1±Ð¾Ç (Mandarin, Han, English 3 in 1 learning) : ±Ò (v.) = ±Ò»X k(h)e bong2 , ±Òµo k(h)e huat5, ±Ò¥Ü k(h)e si5. (=to enlighten vt.). ¨Ò. to enlighten vt. (=to give intellectual light to, or to shed light on: ¥y«¬¦p¤U: 1) sg enlightens sy: The book gives every information that entertains, enlightens, and thrills readers. = ¦¹®Ñ´£¨Ñ¦UºØ¸ê°T ®T¼Ö ±Òµo ¤]¼Ö½ŪªÌ. 2) Sy enlightens sy else: did she enlighten you in any manner? = ¦o´¿µ¹§A¥ô¦ó±Ò¥Ü¶Ü? 3) sy enlightens sy else to do sg: She enlightens me to come to see you = ¦o±Ò¥Ü§Ú¨Ó¨£§A. Not many of us are enlightened to do that. = §Ú­Ì¥u´X­Ó¤HÀò±o±Ò¥Ü¬°¤§. «ÝÄò 7/15/2021 ((Thursday).

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ªe¬¥º~»y(»O»y)­µ¤Dº~¤H¥¿²Îº~»y­µÅKÃÒ(42):

¾É¨¥ (¸Ô¨£ 1). ¥»¤å¦CÁ| <»¡¤å1928AD>¥u¬°º~¦rª`ªe¬¥­µ¤§ÅKÃÒ:

±Ò ±d§¤Á ªe¬¥­µ(§Yªø¦w/¬¥¶§­µ) Ū¦¨ k(h)ong le4 ¤Á¦¨ k(h) + e4 = k(h)e4.

°ê »O ­^ 3¦X1±Ð¾Ç (Mandarin, Han, English 3 in 1 learning) : ±Ò (v.) = ±Ò»X k(h)e bong2 , ±Òµo k(h)e huat5, ±Ò¥Ü k(h)e si5. (=to enlighten vt.). «ÝÄò 7/14/2021 (Wednesday)

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³q§i: ¯«¹A¤l¹ªÀy¦U¤è¤H¤~ ±Ò°ÊROC(»OÆW)¬I¦æ¬ü°ê¥[¦{¥Á¥D¨î ¤§§V¤O ¥H¸¨¹ê ¥DÅv¦b¥Á¤§¥Á¥D·N²[! 7/13/2021 (Tuesday).

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ROC(»OÆW)¥²¶·¾Ç·|¬ü°êCalifornia¦{ ¦Ê¾l¦~¥Á¥D¨î ¥H¯}¸Ñ »OÆW¥Á¥D¨î¤§­«¤j¯Ê¥¢:

1) Á`²Î¥Á¿ï(¦{ªø¥Á¿ï). 2) °ÆÁ`²Î¥Á¿ï(°Æ¦{ªø¥Á¿ï). 3) ¦æ¬F°|ªø¥Á¿ï(¦{°È­ë¥Á¿ï). 4) ¥qªk°|ªø¥Á¿ï(¦{Á`À˹îªø¥Á¿ï)(³\ª`: »OÆW¤H¥ÁµL¥qªkÅv). 5) °]¬F³¡ªø¥Á¿ï(¦{°]¬F³¡ªø¥Á¿ï, ¦{°]°ÈºÊ¹îªø¥Á¿ï). 6) ¤½¦@¨Æ°È«ü¾ÉÁ`ºÊ¥Á¿ï (¦{¤½¦@¨Æ°È«ü¾ÉÁ`ºÊ¥Á¿ï). 7) ªk©x¥Á¿ï(¦{ªk©x¥Á¿ï)(³\ª`: »OÆW¤H¥ÁµL¥qªkÅv). ¥ßªk©e­û¥Á¿ï(¦{ij­û¥Á¿ï). 9) ¤½§ë®×³q¹L«á ¦¨ªk«ß(¦{¥Á¦³ª½±µ¥ßªkÅv) 7/13/2021 (Tuesday).

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ªe¬¥º~»y(»O»y)­µ¤Dº~¤H¥¿²Îº~»y­µÅKÃÒ(41):

¾É¨¥ (¸Ô¨£ 1). ¥»¤å¦CÁ| <»¡¤å1928AD>¥u¬°º~¦rª`ªe¬¥­µ¤§ÅKÃÒ:

±Ò ±d§¤Á ªe¬¥­µ(§Yªø¦w/¬¥¶§­µ) Ū¦¨ k(h)ong le4 ¤Á¦¨ k(h) + e4 = k(h)e4.

°ê »O ­^ 3¦X1±Ð¾Ç (Mandarin, Han, English 3 in 1 learning) : ±Ò (v.) = ¶}¤] (=to open). ±Ò (v.) = ¶}©l¤] (=to begin = to start = to commence (°ª¶®¦r) = to initiate = to inaugurate = to launch). ¨Ò. ±Ò (vt.) = ¶}©l = to inaugurate (vt.) sg (=to initiate or commence sg formally) ¦³3¥y«¬: 1) to inaugurate sy as sg new (=to place sy in office formally and ceremonially) = (¬°¬Y¤H)¶}´N¾¨å§. Supreme court's chief justice inaugurates Joe Biden as the 46th president of the United States. ³Ì°ªªk°|­º®u¤jªk©x¬° «ôµn¶}Á`²Î´N¾¤j¨å(³\ª`: ¦³¥¿¦¡»ö¦¡). 2) to inaugurate sg new for use (=to initiate or commence use of sg formally and ceremonially) = Á|¦æ¶}¹õ»ö¦¡. The government inaugurates a new building, a new embassy, a new library, a new athletic program. = ¬F©²Á|¦æ¦UºØ¶}¹õ¦¡. The company inaugurates a new factory. = ·s¤u¼t ¶}±i. 3) to inaugurate sg (=to initiate or commence sg formally) = ¥¿¦¡¶}±Ò(¬Y¨Æ). The rise of the empire inaugurated a period of renewed warfare. = «Ò°ê¤§¥X²{¶}±Ò¥t¤@¬q¾Ôª§. «ÝÄò 7/12/2021 (Monday).

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ªe¬¥º~»y(»O»y)­µ¤Dº~¤H¥¿²Îº~»y­µÅKÃÒ(40):

¾É¨¥ (¸Ô¨£ 1). ¥»¤å¦CÁ| <»¡¤å1928AD>¥u¬°º~¦rª`ªe¬¥­µ¤§ÅKÃÒ:

±Ò ±d§¤Á ªe¬¥­µ(§Yªø¦w/¬¥¶§­µ) Ū¦¨ k(h)ong le4 ¤Á¦¨ k(h) + e4 = k(h)e4.

°ê »O ­^ 3¦X1±Ð¾Ç: ±Ò (v.) = ¶}¤] (=to open). ±Ò (v.) = ¶}©l¤] (=to begin = to start = to commence (°ª¶®¦r) = to initiate = to inaugurate = to launch). ¨Ò. ±Ò (vt.) = ¶}©l = to initiate (vt.) sg: The president initiates major social reforms = Á`²Î±Ò°Ê¥D­nªÀ·|§ï­². Legislators initiate legislation = ij­û¶}©l¥ß·sªk. Industries initiate improvements = ¥ø·~¬É¶}©l§ï¶i. ¤S¨Ò. ±Ò (vt.) = ²v¥ý¶}©l (sui3 sian khai si4) = to take the initiative(s)(=to be the first one to do sg): ¦³3¥y«¬: 1) to take the initiative(s):in sg: He takes the initiative in blood donation = ²v¥ý¶}©l®½¦å. 2) to take the initiative(s) in doing sg: He takes the initiative(s) in making friends. = ²v¥ý¶}©l ¥æ·sªB¤Í. The company takes the initiative(s) in banning smoking in public places = ¤½¥q²v¥ý¶}©l¦b¤½¦@³õ©Ò¸TµÒ. 3) to take the initiative(s) to do sg: She takes the initiative(s) to fix it = ¦o²v¥ý¶}©l¾ã­×¥¦. ²v¥ý = »â¥ý¤]. «ÝÄò 7/11/2021 (Sunday).

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ªe¬¥º~»y(»O»y)­µ¤Dº~¤H¥¿²Îº~»y­µÅKÃÒ(39):

¾É¨¥ (¸Ô¨£ 1). ¥»¤å¦CÁ| <»¡¤å1928AD>¥u¬°º~¦rª`ªe¬¥­µ¤§ÅKÃÒ:

±Ò ±d§¤Á ªe¬¥­µ(§Yªø¦w/¬¥¶§­µ) Ū¦¨ k(h)ong le4 ¤Á¦¨ k(h) + e4 = k(h)e4.

°ê »O ­^ 3¦X1±Ð¾Ç: ±Ò (v.) = ¶}¤] (=to open). ±Ò (v.) = ¶}©l¤] (=to begin = to start = to commence (°ª¶®¦r) = to initiate = to inaugurate = to launch). ¨Ò. ±Ò (v.) = ¶}©l, ±Ò°Ê, ®g¥X = to launch (vt.) ¨Ò¥y¦p¤U: 1) to launch (vt.) a boat or ship: A boat is launched in the water. = ¤p²î¦b¤ô¤¤µo°Ê. 2) to launch rockets, missiles: The soldiers launch rockets or missiles in the battle = µo®g¤õ½b ­¸¼u. 3) to launch a spacecraft: The air force launches a spacecraft = µo®g¤ÓªÅ²î. 4) to launch torpedoes: Submarines launch torpedoes = ¼ç¤ô¸¥µo®g³½¹p. 5) to launch airplanes: Aircraft carriers launch fighter jets = ¯èªÅ¥ÀÄ¥®g¥X¾Ô°«­¸¾÷. «ÝÄò. 7/10/2021 (Saturday).

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¬ü°ê¦èÂå¬Y¬ã¨s¾÷ºc¤ê: ¤é¨« 7,000 -8,000¨B³Ì¦³¯q¨­¤ß°·±d, ¦Ó«D¤é¥»¤H©ÒºÙ¤§10,000¨B. ³\ª`: §Ú¨C¤é³V­¹¨«3,000¨B, ³B²zÂø¨Æ¨«4,000¨B, ¨¬¨o! ¤Sª`: ¹B°Ê¹L¶q ³y¦¨¹B°Ê¶Ë®` ¤Á°O! 7/9/2021 (Friday).

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ªF¦è¾ú¥v¤å©ú®t²§¤j, ¬F«Ès/ij­ûs/´¼®ws etc. (¥²¶·¦X§@¸Ñ¨M¤HÃþ¦b¦t©z¤¤¤§¥Í¦sµo®i°ÝÃD, ¦Ó«D­P¤O©ó®ø·À©ÎÀ£­¢¹ï¤è, °ß§Ú¿W´L! 7/9/2021 (Friday)

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ªe¬¥º~»y(»O»y)­µ¤Dº~¤H¥¿²Îº~»y­µÅKÃÒ(38):

¾É¨¥ (¸Ô¨£ 1). ¥»¤å¦CÁ| <»¡¤å1928AD>¥u¬°º~¦rª`ªe¬¥­µ¤§ÅKÃÒ:

±Ò ±d§¤Á ªe¬¥­µ(§Yªø¦w/¬¥¶§­µ) Ū¦¨ k(h)ong le4 ¤Á¦¨ k(h) + e4 = k(h)e4.

°ê »O ­^ 3¦X1±Ð¾Ç: ±Ò (v.) = ¶}¤] (=to open). ±Ò (v.) = ¶}©l¤] (=to begin = to start = to commence (°ª¶®¦r) = to initiate = to inaugurate = to launch). ¨Ò. ±Ò (v.) = ¶}©l = ±Ò°Ê = to launch (vt., vi) ¥y«¬¦p¤U: 1) to launch (vt.) oneself into sg (=to start a person on a course or career etc.). I launched myself into work = §Ú¶}©l§ë¤J¨Æ·~. 2) to launch (vi.) into sg (=to start sg or doing sg). I launch into talking = §Ú¶}©lÁ¿. She launches into writing = ¦o¶}©l¼g. He launched into a story = ¥L¶}©l¼g¬G¨Æ. 3) to launch sg (=to start sg = to set sg going = to set sg in motion). The company launches a new software program for the computer. = ¤½¥q¶}©l¥Î·s³nÅé. They launch a new product on the market. (=--- start putting a new product ---) = ¥«³õ¤W¶}©lÂ\·s²£«~. 4) to launch out on sg (=to begin doing sg new and different). He left the company and launched out on an enterprise. = ¥LÂ÷¾ ¶}©l¸gÀç ·s¥ø·~. «ÝÄò 7/8/2021 (Thursday).

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ªe¬¥º~»y(»O»y)­µ¤Dº~¤H¥¿²Îº~»y­µÅKÃÒ(37):

¾É¨¥ (¸Ô¨£ 1). ¥»¤å¦CÁ| <»¡¤å1928AD>¥u¬°º~¦rª`ªe¬¥­µ¤§ÅKÃÒ:

±Ò ±d§¤Á ªe¬¥­µ(§Yªø¦w/¬¥¶§­µ) Ū¦¨ k(h)ong le4 ¤Á¦¨ k(h) + e4 = k(h)e4.

°ê »O ­^ 3¦X1±Ð¾Ç: ±Ò (v.) = ¶}¤] (=to open). ±Ò (v.) = ¶}©l¤] (=to begin = to start = to commence (°ª¶®¦r) = to initiate = to inaugurate = to launch). ¨Ò. ±Ò (v.) = ¶}©l = to commence (vt., vi.) ¦X­p¦³5ºØ¥y«¬: 1) sg commences (vi.): The activity commences at 9am and finishes at 5 pm. = ¬¡°Ê9am¶}©l. In November, the rains commence = 11¤ë¶}©l ¤U«B. 2) to commence (vt.) sg: It commences a new era in mathematical physics. = ¶}±Ò¼Æ¾Çª«²z¤§·s¬ö¤¸. They commence arbitration immediately. = ¥ß¨è¶}©l¯Éª§¤§¥òµô The patient commenced treatment early. = ´£¦­¶}©lªvÀø.

3) to commence (vi.): Are you ready to commence? = ¥i¶}©l¤F¶Ü?. 4) to commence to do sg: They commence to construct waterworks. = ¶}©l«Ø³y¤ô§Q¤uµ{. 5) to commence doing sg: Commence firing! = ¶}©l®gÀ». He commenced speaking without waiting. = ¤£µ¥¤H¨ì»ô§Y¶}©lºtÁ¿. 7/6/2021 (Tuesday).

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ªe¬¥º~»y(»O»y)­µ¤Dº~¤H¥¿²Îº~»y­µÅKÃÒ(36):

¾É¨¥ (¸Ô¨£ 1). ¥»¤å¦CÁ| <»¡¤å1928AD>¥u¬°º~¦rª`ªe¬¥­µ¤§ÅKÃÒ:

±Ò ±d§¤Á ªe¬¥­µ(§Yªø¦w/¬¥¶§­µ) Ū¦¨ k(h)ong le4 ¤Á¦¨ k(h) + e4 = k(h)e4.

°ê »O ­^ 3¦X1±Ð¾Ç: ±Ò (v.) = ¶}¤] (=to open). ±Ò (v.) = ¶}©l¤] (=to begin = to start = to commence = to initiate = to inaugurate = to launch). ¨Ò. ±Ò (v.) = ¶}©l = to start (vt., vi.) ¦X­p¦³5ºØ¥y«¬: 1) sg starts (vi.): The parade is about to start. ªá¨®¹C¦æ§Ö¶}©l¤F. 2) to start (vt.) sg: She starts a war of words with him. ¬ü¤H©M «Ó­ô¶}©l¤F¤f¤ô¾Ô. 3) to start (vi.): Are you ready to start? ¥i¶}©l¤F¶Ü?. . 4) to start to do sg: Men start to get ideas. ¥L­Ì¶}©l¦³ÂI¤l¤F. 5) to start doing sg: He starts taking care of the pet. ¥L¶}©l·ÓÅUÃdª« . Do you start feeling neglected? ¶}©lı±oµL¤H²z§A¶Ü? 7/5/2021 (Monday).

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ªe¬¥º~»y(»O»y)­µ¤Dº~¤H¥¿²Îº~»y­µÅKÃÒ(35):

¾É¨¥ (¸Ô¨£ 1). ¥»¤å¦CÁ| <»¡¤å1928AD>¥u¬°º~¦rª`ªe¬¥­µ¤§ÅKÃÒ:

±Ò ±d§¤Á ªe¬¥­µ(§Yªø¦w/¬¥¶§­µ) Ū¦¨ k(h)ong le4 ¤Á¦¨ k(h) + e4 = k(h)e4.

°ê »O ­^ 3¦X1±Ð¾Ç: ±Ò (v.) = ¶}¤] (=to open). ±Ò (v.) = ¶}©l¤] (=to begin = to start = to commence = to initiate = to inaugurate = to launch). ¨Ò. ±Ò (v.) = ¶}©l = to begin (vt., vi.) ¦X­p¦³5ºØ¥y«¬: 1) sg begins (vi.): Breakfast begins (vi.) at 7am ¦­À\7am¶}©l. Investigation must begin (vi.) ASAP ¥²¶·ºÉ§Ö¶}©l ½Õ¬d. 2) Sy begins (vt.) sg: I begin lunch at noon. ¤¤¤È¦Y¤ÈÀ\. He begins wanderings every Sunday morning. ¨C©P¤é±á¶¡¶}©lÀH«K¨«. The West began the conquest of China in 1840AD. ---¦è¤è¶}©l©ºªA¤¤°ê. I begin my lecture at 3:30pm every Friday. ¨C ©P¤­3:30pm ¶}©l ¤W ½Ò. 3) to begin (vi.): It's time to begin. ²{¦b¸Ó¶}©l. I'm not anxious to begin. §Ú¤£«æ©ó¶}©l. 4) to begin to do sg: Students begin to study hard for exams. ¬°¦Ò¸Õ¶}©l¥Î¥\. 5) to begin doing sg: The baby begins crying when left alone. À¦¨à¸¨³æ¶}©l¤jÁn­ú. 7/4/2021 ¬ü°ê°ê¼y¤é

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ªe¬¥º~»y(»O»y)­µ¤Dº~¤H¥¿²Îº~»y­µÅKÃÒ(34):

¾É¨¥ (¸Ô¨£ 1). ¥»¤å¦CÁ| <»¡¤å1928AD>¥u¬°º~¦rª`ªe¬¥­µ¤§ÅKÃÒ:

±Ò ±d§¤Á ªe¬¥­µ(§Yªø¦w/¬¥¶§­µ) Ū¦¨ k(h)ong le4 ¤Á¦¨ k(h) + e4 = k(h)e4.

°ê »O ­^ 3¦X1±Ð¾Ç: ±Ò (v.) = ¶}¤] (=to open). ±Ò (v.) = ¶}©l¤] (=to begin = to start = to commence = to initiate = to inaugurate = to launch). ¨Ò. ¶}±Ò(·s¬ö¤¸)(ª`: ºô¸ô¦r¨å¨Ï¥Î8­Ó­^¤å verb.): 1) His presidency opens (or opens up) a new era of globalization. = ¥L¥ô°ê®a¤¸­º¶}±Ò¥þ²y¤Æ·s¬ö¤¸. 2) ---begins a newn era of ---. 3) ---enters a new era of ---. 4) ---inaugurates a new era of ---. 5) ---launches a new era of ---. 6) ---heralds a new era of --- = announces a new era of ---. 7) --- ushers (vt.) in a new era of --- = heralds an new era of ---.. «ÝÄò. 7/3/2021 (Sat.).

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ªe¬¥º~»y(»O»y)­µ¤Dº~¤H¥¿²Îº~»y­µÅKÃÒ(33):

¾É¨¥ (¸Ô¨£ 1). ¥»¤å¦CÁ| <»¡¤å1928AD>¥u¬°º~¦rª`ªe¬¥­µ¤§ÅKÃÒ:

±Ò ±d§¤Á ªe¬¥­µ(§Yªø¦w/¬¥¶§­µ) Ū¦¨ k(h)ong le4 ¤Á¦¨ k(h) + e4 = k(h)e4. ¨Ò. »O¥_¥«¤j¦w°Ï¥ú±ÒªÀ Tai pak4 ts(h)i5 tai3 an k(h)u kong k(h)e sia5. ¶}±Ò k(h)ai k(h)e4 ¶}¤]. ±Ò°Ê k(h)e tang5. ±Ò»X = ±Òµo = ±Ò¥Ü k(h)e bong2 = k(h)e huat5 = k(h)e si5. ±Òµ{ k(h)e teng2. ¸­±Ò¥Ð¥ß©e Iap3 K(h)e Tian2 lip3 ui4. ±d§¤Á ¤Á¤£¥X ±Ò ¥_¨Ê­µ £¢¤@£¾.

°ê »O ­^ 3¦X1±Ð¾Ç: ±Ò (v.) = ¶}¤] (=to open). ±Ò (v.) = ¶}©l¤] (=to begin = to start = to commence = to initiate = to inaugurate = to launch). «ÝÄò. 7/3/2021 (Saturday).

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ªe¬¥º~»y(»O»y)­µ¤Dº~¤H¥¿²Îº~»y­µÅKÃÒ(32):

¾É¨¥ (¸Ô¨£ 1). ¥»¤å¦CÁ| <»¡¤å1928AD>¥u¬°º~¦rª`ªe¬¥­µ¤§ÅKÃÒ:

§e ª½­s¤Á ªe¬¥­µ(§Yªø¦w/¬¥¶§­µ) Ū¦¨ tit5 tseng ¤Á¦¨ t + eng = teng.

°ê »O ­^ 3¦X1±Ð¾Ç: §e (v.) = ¥æ¥X (=to give over)¤§´LºÙ¦r, ­^¤å = to submit (vt., vi. ¦U¦³3©w¸q). To submit (vi.) to ¦³ 3©w¸q: 1) ©}ªA ©ó: to submit to a conqueror = ©}ªA©ó©ºªAªÌ (ª`: ³Q©ºªA¤], ±N¦Û¤v¥æµ¹©ºªAªÌ = to yield oneself to the power of another). 2) ±µ¨ü: He submits to chemotherapy = ±µ¨ü¤Æ¾ÇÀøªk (ª`: ±N¦Û¤v¥æµ¹¤ÆÀø). = to allow oneself to be subjected to some treatment. 3) ¿í±q (¥L¤H¦®·N©Î¨M©w): I submit to your superior judgment. = §Ú¿í±q°ª¨£ (=I defer to your decision or opinion). ©Î¦P·N: I submit to the terms of the contract = §Ú¦P·N¦X¬ù¤º®e (=to agree to, or accede to). §e ©w¸q¥þ¤å§¹. 7/2/2021.

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ªe¬¥º~»y(»O»y)­µ¤Dº~¤H¥¿²Îº~»y­µÅKÃÒ(31):

¾É¨¥ (¸Ô¨£ 1). ¥»¤å¦CÁ| <»¡¤å1928AD>¥u¬°º~¦rª`ªe¬¥­µ¤§ÅKÃÒ:

§e ª½­s¤Á ªe¬¥­µ(§Yªø¦w/¬¥¶§­µ) Ū¦¨ tit5 tseng ¤Á¦¨ t + eng = teng. ¨Ò. (Äò) §e²{ (²z©À) teng hian3 li liam5 ´£¥X·Qªk¤].

°ê »O ­^ 3¦X1±Ð¾Ç: (Äò) to submit (vt.) 3©w¸q: 3) Somebody submits that ---(a clause) = Someone states/urges/suggests/contends/proposes that ---(a clause). = §Ú»¡/¥D±i/«Øij/»{¬°/´£Ä³ ---. ³\ª`: °£ contend (vt.) that ---¥~, ¨ä¾l that clause ¤¤¤§ verb ­n¨Ï¥Î subjunctive mood. ¨Ò. He submits that full proof should be required. ¥L«Øij¥²­n¦³§¹¾ãÃÒ¾Ú = He states/urges/suggests/proposes that full proof be required. = He contends that full proof is required (³\ª`: ¦¹¥yµL¶· subjunctive mood). ¤S¨Ò. I submit (=suggest/propose etc.) that he leave right now. (ª`: ¤£¬O he leaves). «ÝÄò. 7/1/2021 (Thursday).

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ªe¬¥º~»y(»O»y)­µ¤Dº~¤H¥¿²Îº~»y­µÅKÃÒ(30):

¾É¨¥ (¸Ô¨£ 1). ¥»¤å¦CÁ| <»¡¤å1928AD>¥u¬°º~¦rª`ªe¬¥­µ¤§ÅKÃÒ:

§e ª½­s¤Á ªe¬¥­µ(§Yªø¦w/¬¥¶§­µ) Ū¦¨ tit5 tseng ¤Á¦¨ t + eng = teng. ¨Ò. (Äò) §e½Ð«ü±Ð teng ts(h)iann tsi kau3.

°ê »O ­^ 3¦X1±Ð¾Ç: (Äò) to submit (vt.) 3©w¸q: 2) to submit sg to somebody for judgment or consideation = to refer sg to somebody for --- = ´£¥X¬Y¨Æ §e½Ð«ü±Ð. ¨Ò. I submitted a claim to him for his judgment or consideration §Ú¦V¥L´£¥X¤@¨Æ§e½Ð«ü±Ð. «ÝÄò 6/30/2021.

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PRC²{¦b¦³ 4,000¾l®a McDonald's restaurants. §ó±N¶}µo Mc-Cafe.

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ªe¬¥º~»y(»O»y)­µ¤Dº~¤H¥¿²Îº~»y­µÅKÃÒ(29):

¾É¨¥ (¸Ô¨£ 1). ¥»¤å¦CÁ| <»¡¤å1928AD>¥u¬°º~¦rª`ªe¬¥­µ¤§ÅKÃÒ:

§e ª½­s¤Á ªe¬¥­µ(§Yªø¦w/¬¥¶§­µ) Ū¦¨ tit5 tseng ¤Á¦¨ t + eng = teng. ¨Ò. (¤U¦V¤W)§eÄm (¬Yª«)(­ð¸Ö¤H ¤¸æҥεü) teng hian3 §e¥æ(³ø§iµ¥) teng kau. §e³ø(¤W¯Å) teng pou3. §e»¼ teng te5. °ê »O ­^ 3¦X1±Ð¾Ç: §e (v.) = ¥æ¥X (=to give over)¤§´LºÙ¦r, ­^¤å = to submit (vt., vi. ¦U¦³3©w¸q). To submit (vt.) 3©w¸q: 1) to submit oneself to (sg/sy) =±N(¦Û¤v)§eÄmµ¹(¬Y¨Æ¬Y¤H) = ¿í¦u = to comply with; ¨Ò. A young lad submits himself to a young lass ¥®¾¦«Ó­ô¶¶±q¥®¾¦¬ü¤H¤§¦®·N (³\ª`: «Ó­ô±N¦Û¤v¥æ¥X¤], µL¦Û¤v¤]) = He yields himself to her will. ¤S¨Ò. We submit ourselves to discipline §Ú­Ì¿í¦u/ªA±q¬ö«ß (³\ª`; µL¦Û¤v¤]) = We yield ourselves to disciplince = We comply with discipline. «ÝÄò.

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ªe¬¥º~»y(»O»y)­µ¤Dº~¤H¥¿²Îº~»y­µÅKÃÒ(28):

¾É¨¥ (¸Ô¨£ 1). ¥»¤å¦CÁ| <»¡¤å1928AD>¥u¬°º~¦rª`ªe¬¥­µ¤§ÅKÃÒ:

§½ ´ë¥É¤Á ªe¬¥­µ(§Yªø¦w/¬¥¶§­µ) Ū¦¨ ki2 giok5 ¤Á¦¨ k + iok5 = kiok5. ¨Ò. (Äò) µ²§½ ket4 kiok5. ³\ª`: µ² ¥j®h¤Á ªe¬¥­µ(§Yªø¦w/¬¥¶§­µ) Ū¦¨ ko4 set3 ¤Á¦¨ k + et3 = ket3.

°ê »O ­^ 3¦X1±Ð¾Ç: µ²§½ ( n.) the end. µ²§½ ( v.) to end in (sg,) Torrential downpour ends in flood. ¶É¬Ö¤j«B¤§µ²§½¬O¬x¤ô¥ÆÀÝ. 6/27/2021.

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ªe¬¥º~»y(»O»y)­µ¤Dº~¤H¥¿²Îº~»y­µÅKÃÒ(27):

¾É¨¥ (¸Ô¨£ 1). ¥»¤å¦CÁ| <»¡¤å1928AD>¥u¬°º~¦rª`ªe¬¥­µ¤§ÅKÃÒ:

§½ ´ë¥É¤Á ªe¬¥­µ(§Yªø¦w/¬¥¶§­µ) Ū¦¨ ki2 giok5 ¤Á¦¨ k + iok5 = kiok5. ¨Ò. Ãħ½ iou3 kiok5. ¶l§½ iu5 kiok5. ĵ¹î§½ keng ts(h)at4 kiok5. ¤j§½ tai3 kiok5 (=§½¶Õ kiok3 se3).

§G§½ po4 kiok5. ´ë¥É¤Á ¤Á¤£ ¥X §½ ¥_¨Ê­µ£¡£º£½.

°ê »O ­^ 3 »y¦X¤@ ±Ð¾Ç: Ãħ½ (n.) pharmacy = pharmacy store. ĵ¹î§½ (n.) police office (ª`: ¬£¥X©Ò = police station. ĵ¹î = police officers). ¤j§½ (=²{ª¬) status quo (=the existing state). §G§½ (n.) arrangement(s). (v.) to make arrangements. ºÊ·þ¤§§G§½ (n.) oversight arrangements. (v.) to make oversight arrangements. 6/26/2021.

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ªe¬¥º~»y(»O»y)­µ¤Dº~¤H¥¿²Îº~»y­µÅKÃÒ(26):

¾É¨¥ (¸Ô¨£ 1). ¥»¤å¦CÁ| <»¡¤å1928AD>¥u¬°º~¦rª`ªe¬¥­µ¤§ÅKÃÒ:

Äv ´ë¼y¤Á ªe¬¥­µ(§Yªø¦w/¬¥¶§­µ) Ū¦¨ ki2 k(h)eng3 ¤Á¦¨ k + eng3 = keng3. ¨Ò. Ävª§ keng3 tseng. ÄvÁÉ keng4 sai3. Äv¿ï keng4 suan4. ´ë¼y¤Á ¤Á¤£ ¥X Äv ¥_¨Ê­µ £¡£¸£¶£¿.

°ê »O ­^ 3 »y¦X¤@ ±Ð¾Ç: (Äò) contest 3©w¸q:

*ÄvÁÉ(¤ñÁÉ) (n.) keng4 sai3 (pi sai3): I'm in the contest for its big prize = §Ú°ÑÁɬO¬°¤F¤j¼ú. contest n.

*(»P¥L¤H)ª§½× (vi) to contest with (=to contend with) someone: I contested with him over the new rules. §Ú»P¥Lª§½×·sªk³W.

*§_©w(¥L¤H¤§¨¥) (vt.) to contest someone's claim: I contested his claim = §Ú§_©w¥Lªº»¡ªk (=I disproved, negated, or invalidated ---.) = I proved his claim was wrong or false. 6/26/2021.

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ªe¬¥º~»y(»O»y)­µ¤Dº~¤H¥¿²Îº~»y­µÅKÃÒ(25):

¾É¨¥ (¸Ô¨£ 1). ¥»¤å¦CÁ| <»¡¤å1928AD>¥u¬°º~¦rª`ªe¬¥­µ¤§ÅKÃÒ:

Äv ´ë¼y¤Á ªe¬¥­µ(§Yªø¦w/¬¥¶§­µ) Ū¦¨ ki2 k(h)eng3 ¤Á¦¨ k + eng3 = keng3. ¨Ò. Ävª§ keng3 tseng. ÄvÁÉ keng4 sai3. Äv¿ï keng4 suan4. ´ë¼y¤Á ¤Á¤£ ¥X Äv ¥_¨Ê­µ £¡£¸£¶£¿.

°ê »O ­^ 3 »y¦X¤@ ±Ð¾Ç:

Ävª§ n. = competition. Ävª§ v. = to compete vi. with sy.

ÄvÁÉ n. = a contest. ¿ï¬ü n. =a beauty contest (=a beauty pageant)

Äv¿ï n. = a race. Äv¿ïÁ`²Î n. = the presidential race. Äv¿ï¥«ªø n. = the mayoral race. Äv¿ïÁ`²Î v. = to run for president. Äv¿ï¥«ªø v. = to run for mayor. Äv¿ï v. = to run a race.

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ªe¬¥º~»y(»O»y)­µ¤Dº~¤H¥¿²Îº~»y­µÅKÃÒ(24):

¾É¨¥ (¸Ô¨£ 1). ¥»¤å¦CÁ| <»¡¤å1928AD>¥u¬°º~¦rª`ªe¬¥­µ¤§ÅKÃÒ:

¿Ï ¥j®Ë¤Á ªe¬¥­µ(§Yªø¦w/¬¥¶§­µ) Ū¦¨ ko4 am3 ¤Á¦¨ k + (µLÁn¥À) am3 = kam3.

<»¡­b ¦Ú³N> (206BC ¦èº~ ¼B¦VµÛ)¡F "§g¦³¹L ¤£¿Ï½Ø ±N¦M°êâfªÀ½^¤]. ¦³¯àºÉ¨¥©ó§g¡A¥Î«h¯d¤§¡A¤£¥Î«h¥h¤§¡A¿×¤§¿Ï. " ¨Ò. ¿Ï½Ø kam4 tseng ¶i¿Ï/ª½¿Ï¤]. ³\ª`: ¦èº~§¹¦¨º~¦rÁcÅé·¢®Ñ¤§³Ð¥ß, ¦]¦¹ ¤H¥ÁºÙ¬°º~¤H, »y¨¥ºÙ¬°º~»y, ¤å¦rºÙ¬°º~¦r¦Ü¤µ! ·í®Éº~¦r±µªñ10,000¦r! ¦Ü¤µ¤w2,000¾l¦~¤F! °¶«v!

In English, you can argue with (=remonstrate with = expostulate with) anyone against anything you disapprove of. §A¤Ï¹ï¹ï¤è¬Y¨Æ ¬Ò¥i¥[¥HÄU§Ù/ÄU»|! 6/24/2021.

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ªe¬¥º~»y(»O»y)­µ¤Dº~¤H¥¿²Îº~»y­µÅKÃÒ(23):

¾É¨¥ (¸Ô¨£ 1). ¥»¤å¦CÁ| <»¡¤å1928AD>¥u¬°º~¦rª`ªe¬¥­µ¤§ÅKÃÒ:

¿Ï ¥j®Ë¤Á ªe¬¥­µ(§Yªø¦w/¬¥¶§­µ) Ū¦¨ ko4 am3 ¤Á¦¨ k + (µLÁn¥À) am3 = kam3. ³\ª`: ªF¤è¤å©ú ªø¥®¦³§Ç, ¿Ï = ¤U¦ìªÌÄU»|¤W¦ìªÌ¤], ¬°¦è¤è­^»y¤å©ú©ÒµL, ¬GµL¹ïÀ³­^¤å¦P¸q¦r; ­^¤å ÄU»| = to remonstrate with someone against something = to expostulate with someone about or against something. = to advise, argue, or urge against something = ªø¥®µL§Ç µL°ª§C¤§§Ò¿Ð. ¨Ò. ª½¿Ï tit3 kam3. ¶i¿Ï tsin4 kam3. 2µü©w¸q = the young counsel the elderly or civilians advise high-ranking officials against something. ¥j®Ë¤Á¤Á¤£ ¥X ¿Ï ¥_¨Ê­µ £¡¤@£³£¿. 6/24/2021.

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ªe¬¥º~»y(»O»y)­µ¤Dº~¤H¥¿²Îº~»y­µÅKÃÒ(22):

¾É¨¥ (¸Ô¨£ 1). ¥»¤å¦CÁ| <»¡¤å1928AD>¥u¬°º~¦rª`ªe¬¥­µ¤§ÅKÃÒ:

Á¾ ­W­Ý¤Á ªe¬¥­µ(§Yªø¦w/¬¥¶§­µ) Ū¦¨ k(h)o4 kiam ¤Á¦¨ k(h) + iam = k(h)iam. ¨Ò. Á¾µê k(h)iam hi. Á¾¨õ k(h)iam pi. ³\ª`: k(h) = £}, o = ¯Q (»O»y­µ, ¶Â¤]), k = £|, i = ¤@, a = £«, m = £v, h = £~, p = £t. Á¾µê (adi.) = Á¾¨õ (adj.) = humble (huhm-) = modest (mod-). Á¾µê (n.) = Á¾¨õ (n.) = humbleness = humility (-mil-) = modesty (mod-). ­W­Ý¤Á ¤Á¤£ ¥X Á¾ ¥_¨Ê­µ £¢¤@£³. 6/23/2021. °ê »O ­^ 3»y¦P¸q, ±N±À¥Xº~ ­^ ¦U3,000¦r¥H¤W, ¨ÑÁ|¥@ 5,000¾l¸U »Ô«n»y¤H¤f¤l®] ¶Ç©Ó!

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³q§i(¼W­q): ¦Û¤µ(110)¦~¤U¥b¦~°_, ¥»¨ó·|¶}©l»s§@ °ê»y/ªe¬¥º~»y /­^»y3»y¦P¸q ¼v­µ±Ð¾Çø¬, ¨Ñ¥þ²y5,000¾l¸U»Ô«n»y¤H¤f¤l®] ¾Ç²ß»P¶Ç©Ó3»y¤§¥Î. ¼v­µÀɱN§t3,000­Ó±`¥Îº~¦r»P3,000­Ó±`¥Î­^¤å¦r. °ê»y(´¶³q¸Ü)¬O¿ñ/ª÷/¤¸/²Mµ¥4°ê¿ò¯d¤U¨Ó¤§º~»y, ªe¬¥º~»y¤D¯«¦{¤j¦a¦Û¶À«Ò°_ §Y¤w¦s¦b¦Ü¤µµS¦s¤§ ªe¬¥º~¤Hº~»y! º~¦r¤å©ú¬O¯«¦{¤j¦aº~¤H¤å©ú¤§®Ö¤ß¤¸¯À, ¬OÁ|¥@°ß¤@¦Û©l¦Ü¤µ¤´¦b½´«kµo®i¤§¤HÃþ¤å©ú! ¦a²y¦Ü¤µ¦~ÄÖ¬ù¦³ 40»õ¦~, ®É­È¤¤¦~, ®É¶¡¤@¨ì ¤H Ãþ¥i²¾¥Á¨ä¥L¬P²y «¢! 6/21/2021. ®L¦Ü (©]³Ìµu ¤é³Ìªø) Summer Solstice. 6/21/2021

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ªe¬¥º~»y(»O»y)­µ¤Dº~¤H¥¿²Îº~»y­µÅKÃÒ(21):

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»¡ ¥¢³·¤Á ªe¬¥­µ(§Yªø¦w/¬¥¶§­µ) Ū¦¨ sit5 suat5 ¤Á¦¨ s +

uat5 = suat5. ¨Ò. ¤p»¡ siou suat5. ºt»¡ ian suat5. ¾Ç»¡ hak3 suat5. ¤S »¡ ¤f»y­µ sue5. ¨Ò. ¸Ñ»¡ kai sue5. »¡©ú sue4 beng2. »¡ªA sue4 hok5. ¤S ¨Ò. »¡¯º(°ê»y) = Á¿¯º(ªe¬¥»y) = kong ts(h)iou3 ¶}ª±¯º¤]. ³\ª`: s = £ª, i = ¤@, u = £¹, a = £«, t = £x, ou = £¬, e = £®, k = £|, ai = £¯, b = b, eng = e + ng = £®ng, h = £~, o = ¯Q (»O»y­µ, ¶Â¤]), ong = £¶, ts(h) = £©.. ¥¢³·¤Á ¤Á¤£¥X »¡ ¥_¨Ê­µ £¦ £¹ £¬. 6/21/2021.

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¥»¨ó·|³q§i: ¦Û¤µ(110)¦~¤U¥b¦~°_, ¥»¨ó·|¶}©l»s§@ °ê»y/ªe¬¥º~»y Âù»y¼v­µ±Ð¾Çø¬, ¨Ñ¥þ²y5,000¾l¸U»Ô«n»y¤H¤f¤l®] ¾Ç²ß»P¶Ç©ÓÂù»y¤§¥Î. °ê»y(´¶³q¸Ü)¬O¿ñ/ª÷/¤¸/²Mµ¥4°ê¿ò¯d¤U¨Ó¤§º~»y, ªe¬¥º~»y¤D¯«¦{¤j¦a¦Û¶À«Ò°_ §Y¤w¦s¦b¦Ü¤µµS¦s¤§ ªe¬¥º~¤Hº~»y! ¥»¨ó·|¦P®É¶Ç©Ó °ê»y/ªe¬¥º~»yÂù»y¨Ã¦s! º~¦r¤å©ú¬O¯«¦{¤j¦aº~¤H¤å©ú¤§®Ö¤ß¤¸¯À, ¬OÁ|¥@°ß¤@¦Û©l¦Ü¤µ¤´¦b½´«kµo®i¤§¤HÃþ¤å©ú! ¦a²y¦Ü¤µ¦~ÄÖ¬ù¦³ 40-45»õ¦~, ®É­È¤¤¦~, ´Á«Ý°ê»y/ªe¬¥º~»yÁÙ¦³45»õ¦~¥i¥Í¬¡, ®É¶¡¤@¨ì ¤H Ãþ¥i²¾¥Á¨ä¥L¬P²y «¢! 6/20/2021.

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ªe¬¥º~»y(»O»y)­µ¤Dº~¤H¥¿²Îº~»y­µÅKÃÒ(20):

¾É¨¥ (¸Ô¨£ 1). ¥»¤å¦CÁ| <»¡¤å1928AD>¥u¬°º~¦rª`ªe¬¥­µ¤§ÅKÃÒ:

§Ù ©~«ô¤Á ªe¬¥­µ(§Yªø¦w¬¥¶§­µ) Ū¦¨ ki pai3 ¤Á¦¨ k +

ai3 = kai3. ¨Ò. §ÙÄY kai4 giam2. ĵ§Ù keng kai3. §Ù³Æ kai4 pi5. ¦s¦³§Ù¤ß tsun u3 kai4 sim. ³\ª`: k = £|, i = ¤@, p = £t, ai = £¯, g = g, am = £«£v, eng = e + ng = £®ng, ts = £¨, u = £¹, s = £ª. ©~«ô¤Á¤Á¤£¥X §Ù ¥_¨Ê­µ £¡£¸£®£¿. . 6/19/2021.

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ªe¬¥º~»y(»O»y)­µ¤Dº~¤H¥¿²Îº~»y­µÅKÃÒ(19):

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®Ä ­J±Ð¤Á ªe¬¥­µ(§Yªø¦w¬¥¶§­µ) Ū¦¨ ho2 kau3 ¤Á¦¨ h +

au3 = hau3. ¨Ò. ®Ä²v hau3 lut5. ®ÄªG hau3 kou4. ¦³®Ä u3 hau5. µL®Ä bou5 hau5. ®Ä¯q hau3 ek5. ³\ª`: h = £~, o = ¯Q (»O»y­µ, ¶Â¤]), k = £|, au = £±, l = £{, u = £¹, t - £x, ou = £¬, b = b, e = £®. ­J±Ð¤Á ¤Á¤£¥X ®Ä ¥_¨Ê­µ £££¸£±£¿. 6/19/2021.

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ªe¬¥º~»y(»O»y)­µ¤Dº~¤H¥¿²Îº~»y­µÅKÃÒ(18):

¾É¨¥ (¸Ô¨£ 1). ¥»¤å¦CÁ| <»¡¤å1928AD>¥u¬°º~¦rª`ªe¬¥­µ¤§ÅKÃÒ:

ªñ ´ë¿î¤Á ªe¬¥­µ(§Yªø¦w¬¥¶§­µ) Ū¦¨ ki2 lin ¤Á¦¨ k +

in5 = kin5. ¨Ò. ³Ìªñ tsue4 kin5. ±µªñ tsiap4 kin5. ªþªñ hu3 kin5. ªñ¨Ó kin3 lai2. ªñµø kin3 si5.

³\ª`: k = £|, i = ¤@, l = £{, n = £z, ts = £¨, u = £¹, e = £®, ap = £«£t, h - £~, ai = £¯, s = £ª. ´ë¿î¤Á¤Á¤£¥X ªñ ¥_¨Ê­µ £¡£¸£´£¿. 6/16/2021

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ªe¬¥º~»y(»O»y)­µ¤Dº~¤H¥¿²Îº~»y­µÅKÃÒ(17):

¾É¨¥ (¸Ô¨£ 1). ¥»¤å¦CÁ| <»¡¤å1928AD>¥u¬°º~¦rª`ªe¬¥­µ¤§ÅKÃÒ:

Âû ¥j¤¼¤Á ªe¬¥­µ(§Yªø¦w¬¥¶§­µ) Ū¦¨ ko4 e ¤Á¦¨ k +

e = ke. ¨Ò. ªe«n¬Ù¦³ Âû¤½¤s hou5 lam senn4 u3 ke kang suann ¬ù5,000¦~«e¶À«Ò¾Ô³Ó°E¤×©óÂû¤½¤s¤sÄS, Âû¤½ ¤½Âû¤]. Âû¥À ke bou4 ¥ÀÂû¤]. Âû¤ò¼Â¤l ke mo ts(h)eng a4 °£¹Ð¥ÎÂû¤ò§ô¤]. ³\ª`: k = £|, o = ¯Q (»O»y­µ, ¶Â¤]). e = £®, h - £~, ou = £¬, l = £{, a = £«, m = £v, s = £ª, nn = ªí»ó­µ, ts(h) = £©, ang = £µ. ¥j¤¼¤Á ¤Á¤£¥X Âû ¥_¨Ê­µ £¡£¸. 6/15/2021

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ªe¬¥º~»y(»O»y)­µ¤Dº~¤H¥¿²Îº~»y­µÅKÃÒ(16):

¾É¨¥ (¸Ô¨£ 1). ¥»¤å¦CÁ| <»¡¤å1928AD>¥u¬°º~¦rª`ªe¬¥­µ¤§ÅKÃÒ:

²ß ¦ü¤J¤Á ªe¬¥­µ(§Yªø¦w¬¥¶§­µ) Ū¦¨ su4 jip5 ¤Á¦¨ s +

ip5 = sip5. ¨Ò. ½m²ß lian3 sip5. ¹ê²ß sit3 sip5. ¾Ç²ß hak3 sip5. ¸É²ß po sip5. ºt²ß ian sip5. ²ßºD sip3 kuan3. ºD²ßªü kuan4 si3 a3. ³\ª`: l = £{, ian = ¤@£³ = µÒ, s = £ª, ip = ¤@£t, it = ¤@£x, h = £~, ak = £«£|, p = £t, o = ¯Q (»O»y­µ, ¶Â¤]), k = £|, u = £¹, an = £³, a = £«. ¦ü¤J¤Á ¤Á¤£¥X ²ß ¥_¨Ê­µ £££¸£½. 6/14/2021. ºÝ¤È¸`§Ö¼Ö!

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ªe¬¥º~»y(»O»y)­µ¤Dº~¤H¥¿²Îº~»y­µÅKÃÒ(15):

¾É¨¥ (¸Ô¨£ 1). ¥»¤å¦CÁ| <»¡¤å1928AD>¥u¬°º~¦rª`ªe¬¥­µ¤§ÅKÃÒ:

°U ¥L¦U¤Á ªe¬¥­µ(§Yªø¦w¬¥¶§­µ) Ū¦¨ t(h)a kok5 ¤Á¦¨ t(h) +

ok5 = t(h)ok5. ¨Ò. °U¹Ú t(h)ok4 bang5. «ô°U pai4 t(h)ok5.

©e°U ui t(h)ok5. «H°U sin4 t(h)ok5. ³\ª`: t(h) = £y, a = £«, k = £|, o = ¯Q (»O»y­µ, ¶Â¤]). b = b, ang = £µ, p = £t, ai = £¯, u = £¹, i = ¤@, s = £ª. ¥L¦U¤Á ¤Á¤£¥X °U ¥_¨Ê­µ £y£¹£¬. 6/13/2021.

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ªe¬¥º~»y(»O»y)­µ¤Dº~¤H¥¿²Îº~»y­µÅKÃÒ(14):

¾É¨¥ (¸Ô¨£ 1). ¥»¤å¦CÁ| <»¡¤å1928AD>¥u¬°º~¦rª`ªe¬¥­µ¤§ÅKÃÒ:

»ï ªZ§L¤Á ªe¬¥­µ(§Yªø¦w¬¥¶§­µ) Ū¦¨ bu4 peng ¤Á¦¨ b +

eng = beng. ¨Ò. ¦@»ï kiong3 beng2. ¤£»ï«h¤w put4 beng2 tsek4 i4. ¤@»ïÅå¤H it4 beng2 kiann lang2. ³\ª`: b = b, u = £¹, p = £t, e = £®, ng = ng, k = £|, iong = io + ng = ¤@¯Q + ng, t = £x, ts = £¨, i = ¤@, nn = ªí»ó­µ. a = £«, l = £{, ang = £µ. ªZ§L¤Á ¤Á¤£¥X »ï ¥_¨Ê­µ£v£¸£¶£½. 6/12/2021.

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ªe¬¥º~»y(»O»y)­µ¤Dº~¤H¥¿²Îº~»y­µÅKÃÒ(13):

¾É¨¥ (¸Ô¨£ 1). ¥»¤å¦CÁ| <»¡¤å1928AD>¥u¬°º~¦rª`ªe¬¥­µ¤§ÅKÃÒ:

¬ü µL»À¤Á ªe¬¥­µ(§Yªø¦w¬¥¶§­µ) Ū¦¨ bou5 p(h)i4 ¤Á¦¨ b +

i4 = bi4. ¨Ò. ¬ü¤H bi jin2. ¬ü®e bi iong2. ¬ü°ê bi kok5. ¬ü³N bi sut5. ¬üÄR bi le5. ¬üº¡ bi buan4. ¬ü·P bi kam4. ¬ü­¹ bi sit5. ³\ª`: b = b, ou = £¬, p(h) = £u, i = ¤@, j = j, n = £z, iong = io + ng = ¤@¯Qng, k = £|, ok = ¯Q£| , s = £ª, u = £¹, t = £x, l = £{, e = £®, an = £³, am = £«m.

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ªe¬¥º~»y(»O»y)­µ¤Dº~¤H¥¿²Îº~»y­µÅKÃÒ(12):

¾É¨¥ (¸Ô¨£ 1). ¥»¤å¦CÁ| <»¡¤å1928AD>¥u¬°º~¦rª`ªe¬¥­µ¤§ÅKÃÒ:

² ¥j­­¤Á ªe¬¥­µ(§Yªø¦w¬¥¶§­µ) Ū¦¨ ko han ¤Á¦¨ k +

an = kan. ¨Ò. ²³æ kan tan. ²Åé¦r kan t(h)e ji. ²¤Æ kan hua3. ²«K kan pian5. ¤@¤Á±q² it4 ts(h)e3 tsiong2 kan. ²³æ¦æ¨Æ¤]. ³\ª`: k = £|, o = ¯Q (»O»y­µ, ¶Â¤]), h = £~, an = £³, t = £x, t(h) = £y, e = £®, j = j, i = ¤@, u - £¹, a = £«, p = £t, ian = ¤@£³ = ·Ï, ts(h) = £©, ts = £¨, u = £¹, a = £«, k = £|, i = ¤@, m = £v, ts(h) = £©. iong = io-ng = ¤@ ¯Q + ng, ¥j­­¤Á ¤Á¤£¥X ² ¥_¨Ê­µ £¡£¸£³£¾. 6/10/2021.

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ªe¬¥º~»y(»O»y)­µ¤Dº~¤H¥¿²Îº~»y­µÅKÃÒ(11):

¾É¨¥ (¸Ô¨£ 1). ¥»¤å¦CÁ| <»¡¤å1928AD>¥u¬°º~¦rª`ªe¬¥­µ¤§ÅKÃÒ:

©Ð ²Å¤è¤Á ªe¬¥­µ(§Yªø¦w¬¥¶§­µ) Ū¦¨ hu2 hong ¤Á¦¨ h + ong = hong. ¤S ¨B¥ú¤Á po3 kong ¤Á¦¨ p + ong = pong. ¤S ¤µ¤é¤f»y­µ pang2. ¨Ò. ©Ð¶¡ pang keng ª×©Ð¤]. ÃÄ©Ð iou3 pang2 Ãħ½¤]. ©Ð«Îµ| pang ok4 sue3. ®M©Ð t(h)ou4 pang2 §É¨ã¯D«Ç»ô¥þ¤]. ¤j©Ð tua3 pang2 «ü¦Ñ¤j¤Ò©d¤]. ©ÐÀY¤ºªü pang t(h)au lai a4 «ü¥S§Ì¤§®a¤]. ©Ð¦a²£ pang te3 san4. ³\ª`: h = £~, u = £¹, ong = £¶, p = £t, o = ¯Q (»O»y­µ ¶Â¤]), k = £|, ang = £µ, e = £®, ng = ng, i = ¤@, ou = £¬, s = £ª, t(h) = £y, t = £x, a = £«, au - £±, l = £{, ai = £¯, an = £³. ¨B¥ú¤Á ¤Á¤£¥X ©Ð ¥_¨Ê­µ£w£µ£½. 6/9/2021

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»@ ©Ð¶V¤Á ªe¬¥­µ(§Yªø¦w¬¥¶§­µ) Ū¦¨ hong uat5 ¤Á¦¨ h +

uat5 = huat5. ©Ð ²Å¤è¤Á hu2 hong ¤Á¦¨ h + ong = hong.

¶V ¤ý¥ï¤Á ong2 (µL¤l­µ) huat5 ¤Á¦¨ (µL¤l­µ) + uat5 = uat5.

¨Ò. »@ª÷ huat3 kim. ³B»@ ts(h)u huat5. ³\ª`: h = £~, ong = £¶, u = £¹, at = £«£x, k = £|, i = ¤@, m = £v, ts(h) = £©.

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ªe¬¥º~»y(»O»y)­µ¤Dº~¤H¥¿²Îº~»y­µÅKÃÒ(9):

¾É¨¥ (¸Ô¨£ 1). ¥»¤å¦CÁ| <»¡¤å1928AD>¥u¬°º~¦rª`ªe¬¥­µ¤§ÅKÃÒ:

Á« ¥h¬°¤Á ªe¬¥­µ(§Yªø¦w¬¥¶§­µ) Ū¦¨ k(h)i3 ui ¤Á¦¨ k(h) + ui = k(h)ui. ¨Ò. Á«·l k(h)ui sun4 ·l¥¢¤]. ¦YÁ« tsia3 k(h)ui ·l¤v§Q¤H¤]. ³\ª`: k(h) = £}, i = ¤@, u = £¹, s = £ª, n = £z, ts = £¨, a = £«. ¥h¬°¤Á ¤Á¤£¥X Á« ¥_¨Ê­µ £}£¹ £°. 6/7/2021

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²ßªñ¥­¤ê: ªFª@¦è­°!

ASML CEO­Ý¸³¨ÆªøPeter Wennink¤ê: (ASML¬O¦ì©ó²üÄõ¤§¥b¾ÉÅé´¹¤ù¤§»s³y¾÷¾¹¥ý¾W¼t°Ó) ¤j°ê¸gÀÙ¾a¬Û¤¬¨Ì¿à! ¬ü°ê¸T°â¦¹Ãþ¾÷¾¹µ¹¤¤°ê ±N¶Ë®`¬ü°ê¸gÀÙ, ¤] ¨Ï¦è¤è³à¥¢¤¤°êÃe¤j¥«³õ; ¤¤°ê¥H1,4¥ü¬üª÷ 6¦~®É¶¡ ¥þ¤O¶}µosemiconductor chip technology/industry «á, ¦è¤è±N¸¨©ó¤¤°ê¤§«á. ¯«¹A¤lª`: ²{¥N°ª¬ì§Þ ¥i¥H¾aªá¤j$ «õÁ|¥@³»¦y¤H¤~¸s ¶}µo·s¬ì§Þ ¶W­^»°¬ü! PRCªñ¤é­è³q¹L·s¤H¤f¬Fµ¦, ¨C¹ï¤Ò©d­ã¥Í3­Ó¤p«Ä! ¤H¦h¥«³õ¤j! 6/1/2021

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¾É¨¥ (¸Ô¨£ 1). ¥»¤å¦CÁ| <»¡¤å1928AD>¥u¬°º~¦rª`ªe¬¥­µ¤§ÅKÃÒ:

®L ­J¶®¤Á ªe¬¥­µ(§Yªø¦w¬¥¶§­µ) Ū¦¨ ho nga4 ¤Á¦¨ h + a = ha5. ¶® ¤f»y­µÅª¦¨ nge4, ¦]¦¹ ­J¶®¤Á ho2 nge4 ¤]¤Á¦¨ h + e = he5. ¨Ò. ¥ß®L lip3 ha5 (©Î he5). ®L¦Ü ha3 (©Î he3) tse4 ®L¤§·¥¤](¥Õ¤Ñ³Ìµu¤]). ¬K®L¬î¥V ts(h)un ha3 ts(h)iu tang. ¬K¤À ts(h)un hun ¤é©]¤@¼Ëªø¤]. ¬î¤À ts(h)iu hun ¤é©]¤@¼Ëªø¤]. ¯«¦{¤j¦a¤§º~¤H±N¤@¦~365¤é ¤À¦¨24¸`®ð ¥H§Q¹A¯Ñ, ¨Ã©ó 2016¦~ ¥ÑPRC¦VUN¦¨¥\¥Ó½Ð ¤HÃþ¤å©ú¿ò²£«OÅ@. ³\ª`: h = £~, o = ¯Q (»O»y­µ, ¶Â¤]). ng = ng, a = £«, e = £®, l = £{, i = ¤@, p = £t, ts = £¨, ts(h) = £©, u = £¹, n = £z, t = £x, ang = £µ. ­J¶®¤Á ¤Á¤£¥X ®L ¥_¨Ê­µ £££¸£«£¿. 5/31/2021

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¨Ò: ³h¦å pin5 hiet5, ¬y»ó¦å lau p(h)inn3 hue5 (©Î hui5), ¦åÀ£ hue4 ap5, ¦å¿} hue4 t(h)ng2, ¦å¤ô hue4 tsui4. ³\ª`: h = £~, o = ¯Q(»O»y­µ, ¶Â¤]), k = £| , i = ¤@, e = £®, t = £x , u = £¹ , p = £t, n = £z , l = £{, au = £± , p(h) = £u, nn = »ó­µ , a = £« , t(h) = £y , ng = ng, ts = £¨. ©I¨M¤Á ¤Á¤£¥X ¦å ¥_¨Ê­µ ££ ¤@ £®£¾. 5/31/2021

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©¯ ­J¯Õ¤Á ªe¬¥­µ(§Yªø¦w¬¥¶§­µ) Ū¦¨ ho2 keng3 ¤Á¦¨ h + eng3 = heng3. ¨Ò: ©¯ºÖ heng3 hok5. ¤T¥Í¦³©¯ sam seng iu heng5. ºa©¯ eng heng. ¤£©¯ put4 heng5. ¯«¹A¤lª`: h = £~, o = ¯Q(»O»y­µ, ¶Â¤]), k = £|, e = £® , ng = ng, s = £ª , a = £«, m = £v, i = ¤@, u = £¹, p = £t, t = £x. ­J¯Õ¤Á ¤Á¤£¥X ©¯ ¥_¨Ê­µ £££¸£¶£¿. 5/29/2021

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(communications) ¥Zµn·s¥[©Y¦èÂåªø¹Ø¬ã¨s¾÷ºc ·s¬ã¨sµ²½×¦p¤U: ¤HÃþ¹Ø©R( human lifespan) ¬° 120·³¦Ü150·³(maximum lifepsan = 150 years). «e120¦~ ¤HÃþ¥Í¯f¥i´_­ì(human body resilience from stress), ¦ý¶V¦Ñ´_­ì©Ò»Ý®É¶¡¶Vªø. «á30¦~ ¤HÅ駹¥þ³à¥¢´_­ì¯à¤O (complete loss of human body resilience at 120-150 years of age)¥iÀH®É¯f¤`. ¯«¹A¤lª`: ¤HÃþ¹Ø©Rª÷¤ó¥@¬É¬ö¿ý ¬O 122·³ French lady Jeanne Calment ¬¡¨ì1997¦~). ¦Ñ¤Æ¹Lµ{¥iªð¦ÑÁÙµ£ (biological age reversal): 2018¦~ ¬ü°ê¥ý¾WÃļt¤§ §Ü¦Ñ¦èÃÄ (senolytics)¤w³q¹LFDA²Ä¤@´ÁÁ{§É¸ÕÅç, ¤µ2021¦~¤w¶i¤JÁ{§É¸ÕÅç²Ä4¦~, ¦¹Ãþ¦èÃÄ¥i¨¾¯fªv¯f¦Ó©µ¹Ø(©µªøhealthspan). «e­±¤§¥@¬É¥²¬O°·±d¦Ñ¤H´xÅv, ¬ü¤H«Ó­ô°µ§ó¦h¨Æ!  5/28/2021

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¤j ®{»\¤Á ªe¬¥­µ(§Yªø¦w¬¥¶§­µ) Ū¦¨ to2 kai3 ¤Á¦¨ l + ai3 = tai3. ¨Ò: ¤j¤H tai3 jin2 ªø©x¤].   ¤j¤V¤Ò    tai3 tiang3 hu °¶¤j¤§¨k¤H¤]. ¤j¨Ï tai3 sai3 ¥~¥æ©x¤]. ¤j¾Ç tai3 hak5 ³Ì°ª¾ÇºÖ¤]. ®{»\¤Á ªe¬¥­µ(§Yªø¦w¬¥¶§­µ) ¤SŪ¦¨ to2 kua3 ¤Á¦¨ t + ua3 = tua3. ¨Ò: ¤j¤H tua3 lang2 ¦¨¦~¤H¤]. ¤j¶¡ tua3 keng «Ç¤ºªÅ¶¡¤j¤]. ¤j»O¨® tua3 tai ts(h)ia ¨®¤j¤]. ¯«¹A¤lª`: t = £x, o = ¯Q(»O»y­µ, ¶Â¤]), k = £|, u = £¹, a = £«, j = j, i = ¤@, n = £z, ai = £¯, ang = £µ, h = £~, s = 厶, l = £{, e = £® , ng = ng, ts(h) = £©. ®{»\¤Á ¤Á¤£¥X ¤j ¥_¨Ê­µ £x £«£¿. 5/27/2021

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5/26/2021

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5/25/2021

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¬ü°ê¦èÂå±Ð¤H¦p¦ó«O¾i ¤j¸£¤ß´¼¾÷¯à(mental function), ¹w¨¾Ã¨§b¥¢´¼(dementia):

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»O¤jÂå°|¦³10¤H­û¤u(«DÂåÀø¤H­û)¸gCOVID-19ÀËÅç§e¶§©Ê. §Ú¦b Ãľǰ|¶}ªº¥þ®Õ¿ï­×½Ò<´CÅé­^¤å>(ÂåÃľǰ|­^¤å) §Y®É°±½Ò¦Ü 5¤ë 28¤é¤î. 勧¦U¦ì ±aÂù¤f¸n Á׶}¤H¸s Ãdª«, ¦w©~®a¤¤. ¤µ¤Ñ¦³¦ì¬ü¤H±aÂùÃdª«¶i¤J7-11 store, ³Q©±ªø»°¥X, ¬ü¤H«Ó­ô¤jÁn¥æ¾W¤@µf! ºG! 5/20/2021

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Transparency International (°ê»Ú³z©ú²Õ´: Á`³¡ ¼w°ê¬fªL) ¤ê:

Political parties are the most corrupt institution (¬FÄÒ¤D³Ì³g»G¤§¾÷ºc).

²z¥Ñ: ¬FÄÒ¶°Åé³g»G, ¥Á¥D¨î: ½ü¬y³g»G.   Corruption elaboration ³g»G¸Ô¸Ñ:  Nepotism (Á|¥Î¿Ë¤H) = favoring one's relatives in political appointments. Cronyism (Á|¥Î¦n¤Í) = favoring one's best friends in political appointments. 

°ê»Ú³z©ú²Õ´ ¥xÆW¤À·| (Transparency International Chinese Taipei TICT, ¤å¤s°Ï¤ì ¬]). 5/20/2021

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¼ä¨­¦Û·R!!! ¯¬¬ü¤H«Ó­ô¦n¹B. May 19, 2021

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China becomes only second nation in history to land a rover (¯«¹A¤lª`: ¤õ¬P¦a­±±´´ú¾¹) on Mars.

Yahoo News 5/15/2021:

NASA (¯«¹A¤lª`: ¬ü°ê¤ÓªÅÁ`¸p) congratulates China after Mars rover landing. May 15. 2021

¯«¹A¤l¤ê: µØ¤H¤ÓªÅ¬ì§Þ Æg!

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²z½×¤W¨¥¤§, 1¦ì¬ü¤H¾a¿ò¶Ç±o¨Ó¤§©ÊIJ·PÄݤW­¼©Î¤@¬y, 1¦ì«Ó­ô¤Ñ¥Í¤§©ÊIJ·P¥çµM, 2¤H¬Û¬Ý¦³±¡, Åç¦å«á2¤H­PÀù¯f¬r¬Ò¬° ¹s, «h¦¹2¤H¤j¥i¬Û¨Ì¬°©R, ¦¹¥Í±q¤@¦Ó²×, ¦P¨É©Ê·R©b©ñ¤§¼Ö! ¹ï¤l®]»PªÀ·|¬ÒµL­t­±¼vÅT! May 15, 2021

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¤¤®É2021¦~4¤ë: ¤ý¼Ý¤ê: "¥Á¥D«D¥i¤f¥i¼Ö ¥þ¥@¬É¤@­Ó¨ý."

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¯«¹A¤l¤ê: "¤ý¼Ý¦³¶i¨B." May 14, 2021

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½ÍµL¯gª¬¯f¬r(5):

¤HÃþ©Ê·R(sexual love)³Ì®e©ö¶Ç¬V¤W­z5ºØ¦³®`¯f¬r: B¨x¯f¬r (HBV)­PÀù, C¨x¯f¬r(HCV) ­PÀù, ¤l®cÀVÀù¯f¬r(¤HÃþ¨Å¬ð¯f¬r­PÀù) (HPV), ³æªw¯l¯f¬r (HSV) ­PÀù, ¥¨²Ó­M¯f¬r­PÀù (CMV). «ÝÄò

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Yahoo News April 30, 2021 Friday:

China's new space station is officially in orbit. ®¥¶P¯«¦{¤j¦a¤§ ·s¤ÓªÅ¯¸ ¥¿¦¡¤W­y¹D. ¥NªíªF¤è¤HÃþ¤ÓªÅ¬ì§Þ¤å©ú¤§²{¥N¤Æ Æg!!! May 1, 2021

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¯«¹A¤l¤ê: µØ¤H »¯´@ ±o2021¦~ Oscars Academy Awards ³Ì¨Î¾Éºt ³Ì¨Î¼v¤ù¼ú. ¤w¦¨ªÀ·|°ª¶¥¼h¤Hª«. ¦o¥X¥Í©ó¥_¨Ê ²{¤w¦¨¨È¸Ç¬ü°ê¤H. ¦o¥²¶·¦P®É©¾©ó2­Ó°ê®a, ÂÔ¨¥·V¦æ, °ª¶¥¤HÃþ ¤~·|¬Ý±o°_¦o. April 29, 2021

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º~¦rªe¬¥­µ(»Ô«n»y­µ) ¤ÁÃýª`­µ±Ð¾Ç (11):

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p = £t. i = ¤@. ng = ng. b = b. t = £x.

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º~¦rªe¬¥­µ(»Ô«n»y­µ) ¤ÁÃýª`­µ±Ð¾Ç (9):

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«Â ©ó«D¤Á, i2 hui ¤Á¦¨ µL¤l­µ + ui = ui.

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i = ¤@. h = £~. u = £¹, g = g . a = £«, p = £t.

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º~¦rªe¬¥­µ(»Ô«n»y­µ) ¤ÁÃýª`­µ±Ð¾Ç (8):

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¨Ò. ©e©} ui k(h)ut5 ¤]. ¨ü¤£¤½¥­¹ï«Ý¤].

i = ¤@. u = £¹, k(h) = £} . b = b, t = £x.

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º~¦rªe¬¥­µ(»Ô«n»y­µ) ¤ÁÃýª`­µ±Ð¾Ç (7):

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µ´ ±¡³·¤Á, tsing2 (©Î tseng2) suat5 ¤Á¦¨ ts + uat5 = tsuat5.

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ts = £¨. i = ¤@. ng = ng. e = £® . s = £ª, u = £¹, a = £«. t = £x. k = £|.

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s = £ª, u = £¹, ts = £¨. i = ¤@. t = £x. iau = ¤@£±.

¤ÁÃý601AD: ¥Ñ ·¨®a ¶¦°ê ¥Á¶¡8¤Hµo©ú: ²Ä1¦r¤l­µ + ²Ä2¦r¥À­µ = ²Ä3¦r¤ÁÃý­µ. º~¦r¦¹ºØ ª`­µ¤èªk ¦Ü¤µ¤w¾ú 2021¦~ - 601¦~ = 1,420¦~. ªe¬¥º~»y­µ¤w¾ú 4,718¦~, ´Á«Ý¤Ñ¤U 5,000¾l¸U»Ô«n»y¤H¤f¤§¤l®] ¶Ç©Ó °ê»OÂù»y! 4/19/2021

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¨Ì¾Ú  ±dº³¦r¨å1716AD:

ÃQ ³½¶Q¤Á, gu2 kui3 ¤Á¦¨ g + ui3 = gui3.

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g = g, u = £¹. k = £|. i = ¤@. b = b. j = j. n = £´. 

¤ÁÃý601AD: ¥Ñ ·¨®a ¶¦°ê ¥Á¶¡8¤Hµo©ú: ²Ä1¦r¤l­µ + ²Ä2¦r¥À­µ = ²Ä3¦r¤ÁÃý­µ. º~¦r¦¹ºØ ª`­µ¤èªk ¦Ü¤µ¤w¾ú 2021¦~ - 601¦~ = 1,420¦~. ªe¬¥º~»y­µ¤w¾ú 4,718¦~, ´Á«Ý¤Ñ¤U 5,000¾l¸U»Ô«n»y¤H¤f¤§¤l®] ¶Ç©Ó °ê»OÂù»y! 4/18/2021

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April 15, 2021¦~ (Thursday) ­«·sÁʱo:

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¶¢®xªá¼v²¾ ing ting2 hue iann4 i2. ¾ÐÂk´Á ik3 kui ki2. ¼ÆÂk´Á so4 kui ki2.

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¤j¬ù¦P®É, º~¤H¤]±N ªe«n¦è«n¤§¤@®y¤s ¨ú¦W¬° "Âû¤½¤s" Ke Kang Suann, ¤s¦Wªu¥Î¦Ü¤µ. (¯«¹A¤lª`: Âû¤½¤s ¤½Âû¤s¤]) ¬Û¶Ç·í¦~ ¶À«Ò¾Ô³Ó °E¤× ©óÂû¤½¤s¤U, ¥ßº~¤H¤§°ê.

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·s¦~·P¨¥ (1): February 12, 2021 (Friday) ®L¾ä¬ö¤¸ 4,718¦~¨¯¤¡ ¤û¦~ ¥¿¤ëªì¤@¤é. ®¥¶P·s³ß ¤û¦~¸U¨Æ¦p·N °·±d ¥­¦w µo¤j°]!

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¿ð ª½¥§¤Á, tit5 li2 ¤Á¦¨ t + i2 =ti2. ¨Ò. ¿ð¨ì ti tou3

ºÃ »y¨ä¤Á, gi4 ki2 ¤Á¦¨ g + i2 = gi2. ¨Ò. ÃhºÃ huai gi2.

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t = £x. i = ¤@. l = £{. ou = £¬. k = £|. g = g. u = £¹. ai = £¯.

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h =£~. u = £¹. i = ¤@. e = £®. t = £x.

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¥¿ ¤§²±¤Á, tsi seng3 ¤Á¦¨ ts + eng3 =tseng3.

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¦]¦¹ ¥¿½T ªe¬¥­µÅª¦¨ tseng4 k(h)ak5.

ts =£¨. i = ¤@. k(h) = £}. a = £«.

¤ÁÃý601AD: ¥Ñ ·¨®a ¶¦°ê ¥Á¶¡8¤Hµo©ú: ²Ä1¦r¤l­µ + ²Ä2¦r¥À­µ = ²Ä3¦r¤ÁÃý­µ. º~¦r¦¹ºØ ª`­µ¤èªk ¦Ü¤µ¤w¾ú 2021¦~ - 601¦~ = 1,420¦~. ªe¬¥º~»y­µ¤w¾ú 4,718¦~, ´Á«Ý¤Ñ¤U 5,000¾l¸U»Ô«n»y¤H¤f¤§¤l®] ¶Ç©Ó °ê»OÂù»y! 3/29/2021

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°§ ©~¨Ì¤Á, ki i ¤Á¦¨ k + i = ki.

¦]¦¹ °§¯î ªe¬¥­µÅª¦¨ ki hong, ki hng, ©Î ki huinn

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¯«¹A¤l¤ê: ¯«¦{¤j¦a ­n ¦X¨Ö»OÆW, ¥²¶·¶}©ñ¦Û¥Ñ¥«³õ Åý »O»y (=»Ô«n»y = ªe¬¥º~»y = ªø¦w¬¥¶§º~»y = °Óº~»y = º~¦r¥¿Åé¦r = º~¤Hº~»y) ¦b¤j³°¦³¦Û¥Ñ¥«³õ, ¯à»P ´¶³q¸Ü (=°ê»y = ¥_¨Êº~»y = ­Jº~»y = º~¦r²Åé¦r) ¨Ã¦s . 3/13/2021

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º~¤Hº~»y(ªe¬¥º~»y©Îªø¦w¬¥¶§º~»y)©l©ó5«Ò: ¥ÌµÂÄõ¦{¤Ñ¤ô¦a°Ï¦³³¾¹«¤s niau ts(h)i suann, ªe«n¦è«n¦³Âû¤½¤s ke kang suann °Ó°ê: ¦³¥Ò°©¤å(¬ù1,500BC).  ©P°ê: ¦³<¸Ö¸g>(©ã»Ô«n»yÃý), ¦³<½×»y><©s¤l><½Ñ¤l¦Ê®a>, ¬Òªe¬¥º~»y.  º~°ê:  ¦³<¥v°O>(¥q°¨¾E), <¤è¨¥>(´­¶¯),<»¡¤å¸Ñ¦r121AD>(³\·V), ¬Òªe¬¥º~»y.  ¶¦°ê: µo©úªe¬¥º~»y¬ìÁ|°ê¦Ò¨î«×, ¦³ <¤ÁÃý601AD>(¥Á½s, ¥v¤W1st³¡º~¦rª`­µ¦r¨å, ª`»Ô«n»y­µ).  ­ð°ê: ¦³<­ðÃý732AD>(¥Á½s, ª`»Ô«n»y­µ).  ¤­¥N¤Q°ê:  ªe«n¤HÁ|§L«n©ººÖ«Ø ¥ß»Ô°ê, ªe¬¥º~»y§ïºÙ»Ô«n»y.  §º°ê: ¦³<¼sÃý1008AD>(©x½s, ª`»Ô«n»y­µ), ¦³<¶°Ãý1039AD>(©x½s, ª`»Ô«n»y­µ).   §º¤¸¤§¥æ:  ¦³<Ãý·|1292AD>(¥Á½s, ª`»Ô«n»y­µ). «´¤¦¤H¥ß¿ñ°ê: ²Îªv¥_¨Ê, ±Nº~¤H¤§ªe¬¥º~»y §ï¦¨¥_¨Êº~»y¥H²Îªvº~¤H. ¤k¯u¤H¥ßª÷°ê·À¿ñ°ê, ²Îªv¥_¨Ê, º~¤H§º°ê¦Vª÷°ê ºÙ¦Ú¯Ç°^ ³Î¤¤­ìº~¤H¤§¦a(°¢¦è ¤s¦è ªe«n ¤sªF)¤©ª÷, ª÷°êÄ~Äò¥H¥_¨Êº~»y²Îªvº~¤H.  »X¥j¤H¤¸°ê:  ·Àª÷·À§º, ²Îªv¥_¨Ê, ¥_¤è¤H¥H¥_¨Êº~»y¼g¤¸¦± , «n¤è¤H¤´¥Hªe¬¥º~»y¼g«n¦±; ¥_¨Ê¦³º~¤H½sµÛ<¤¤­ì­µÃý1324AD>(¥Á½s, ª`º~¦r¥_¨Ê­µ).  ©ú°ê: ¦³<¥¿Ãý1375AD>(©x½s, ª`»Ô«n»y­µ).  ²M°ê (¤k¯u¤H §ï¦Wº¡¤H ºX¤H) ): ¦³<±dº³¦r¨å1716AD>(©x¤èº~¤H½s, ª`»Ô«n»y­µ).  ROC: ¦³<»¡¤å¸Ñ¦rµþªL 1928AD>(¥Á½s, ¥v¤W³Ì«á¤@³¡»Ô«n»y­µ¦r¨å). 3/7/2021

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¥»¤H»O¤jÂå/Ãľǰ| ´CÅé­^¤åÁ`½Æ²ß½Ò: ¤w©ó2021¦~2¤ë25¤é¶}½Ò, ¶i¤J²Ä11th¦~, ±Ð¾Ç½ÒÃD: ÂåÃĬã¨s/¥y«¬/¦]ªG/­Ó©Ê¯S¼x/¼Æ¶q/®É¶¡/±¡ºü/¤­©xª¾Ä±/ªk«ß/°]¸g/§Î®eµü/¤¶«Yµü/°Êµü/º~¤H¾ú¥v/¬õÅS¹Ú ¤T°êºt¸q ¯B¥Í¤»°O/¼@¥»¼g§@µ¥16­Ó½ÒÃD. ¦³§K¶OÁ¿¸q(¯«¹A¤l½sµÛ), ¥i§K¶O®ÇÅ¥. 2021.2.28.

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Áy®Ñ ¤S¤½¥¬§Úªº¥Í¤é!!! KMT»P CPC ¬Ò¾ã¹L§Ú §Ú¥²¶·¦u±K «¢!

°J¤ß·PÁ ¬ü¤H¸s »P«Ó­ô¸sªº¬ü¨¥»P¯¬ºÖ. ®¥¶P¤j®a·s¦~µo¤j°]!!!

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¤j³° 14»õ¤H ¬Ý¤£À´ <±dº³¦r¨å>, ºG«v! »OÆW¤H°¶¤j!

2/21/2021

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»OÆW: ¾ú 4,718¦~º~¤Hº~¦r­µ¸q¤å©ú¤§°ß¤@¤j¥»Àç. ¾ú¥vÃÒ¾Ú ¬Ò¦b¥v¤W8³¡º~¦r¦r¨å¤º. Æg!  2/19/2021

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¯«¹A¤l¸Û¼x ²Ä2¥N´xªù¤H: ½s¿è ±`¥Î­^¤å¦rº~­^¤â¥U, 20¥U¥H¤W µL¤î¹Ò. «OÃÒ¼g¥X¤W­¼­^¤å. ¨k¤k¤£©ë. Feb. 9. 2021

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ªe¬¥º~»y¤Dº~¤H¥¿²Îº~»y, ¦³4,7 18¦~¾ú¥v, ÁöµMÀH ­J¤H(«´¤¦Àø/¤k¯uª÷/»X¥j¤¸/¤k¯uº¡¤H²M)¤§¤J«I ¦Ó¨Ï¥Îªe¬¥º~»y¤§¤H¤f´î¤Ö, ¦ý¦Û©l¦Ü¤µ±q¥¼®ø¥¢. ¤µ¤é¯«¦{¤j¦a¦³¤£¤Ö¤H±Nªe¬¥º~»yºÙ¬°¡@¥jº~»y, ¬O­Ó¿ù»~¤§¦Wµü. ­J¤H²Îªvº~¤H®É¡@±Nªe¬¥º~»y§ï¦¨¡@°ê»y/´¶³q¸Ü, ¦Ü¤µ¶È¾ú®É¡@1, 100¦~. ¥»¨ó·|¼F¦æ¡@°ê»y¡]´¶³q¸Ü¡^/ªe¬¥º~»yµ¥Âù»y¨Ã¦s, ¨Ã¥H¦¹¡@²Î¤@¯«¦{¤j¦a¡I 1/26/2021

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µØ¸Ç¬ü°ê¤H ­C¾|¤j¾Ç¥Í ¬ü°ê5³sÅQªá¦¡·Æ¦Bª÷µP±o¥D 21·³ ³¯ÄÞ ¬OÁ|¥@ Âਭ4°é¸õ quadruple jumps ¤§¤ý, 4°é¸õÃø«×¦Ü°ª. 1/23/2021

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(January 17, 2021, Las Vegas) µØ¸Ç¬ü°ê¤H 21·³³¯ÄÞ ³sÄò5¦~±o¬ü°êªá¦¡·Æ¦Bª÷µP ¤D60¦~¨Ó²Ä¤@¤H , Chinese American figure skater, 21-year-old Nathan Chen won 5 consecutive championships at the U.S. Figure Skating Championships, the first person over 60 years.

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¥Ø«e¬ü°ê¦èÂåÁöµM§ä¨ì9ºØ¤HÅé¦Ñ¤Æ¼Ð°O, ¤]»{©w°ò¦] (DNA)«ùÄò·l¶Ë »P ¥Í¤Æ¤ÏÀ³²§±`µ¥2¶µ ¥D®_¦Ñ¤Æ¹Lµ{, ¦ý¤]µo²{¤HÅé²Ó­M¤Ñ¥Í¦³­×¸É¯à¤O(¦Û¡¤O), ¨Ï²Ó­M«ì´_°·±d. ¦ý¦Û¡¤O¾a¶¼­¹´£¨Ñ­×¸É·l¶Ë©Ò»Ý¤§¤Æ¾Ç¤À¤lª«½è, ¬G°·±d¶¼­¹¦¨¬°§Ü¦Ñ¤Æ¤§²Ä¤@­n°È, ¦¹¤D¤H¥Í³ÌÃø¤§¨Æ¤]! 1/21/2021

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¥Ø«e¬ü°ê¦èÂåµo²{¤§9ºØ¤HÅé¦Ñ¤Æ¼Ð°O(9 hallmarks of aging)¤¤, ¤HÅé²Ó­M¤§°ò¦](DNA)«ùÄò·l¶Ë »P ²Ó­M¥Í¤Æ¤ÏÀ³¤§·l¶Ë»P²§±`¬O³y¦¨¤HÅé¾¹©x¥Í²z²§±`¤§¥D¦]. ½­ªG¤¤¹AÃÄ ÂÈ­¹ µÒ ·Ïµ¥§ïÅܤHÅé²Ó­MDNAµ²ºc, ·ÎµJ ¬µµJ ¯NµJ¤§³J¥Õ½è¸g®ø¤Æ«á·l¶Ë¤§®ò°ò»Ä ³Q¥Î¬°¤HÅé³J¥Õ½è­ì®Æ, ¦Ó¤Þ°_¥Í¤Æ¤ÏÀ³²§±`.

¶¼­¹¬O¦Ñ¤Æ¯e¯f¤§¥D¦], °·±d¶¼­¹¬O°·±dªø¹Ø¤§¥D¦]. ¯«¹A¤l½sµÛ

1/19/2021

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¥Ø«e¦èÂ大¦Ñ¤Æ9¤j¼Ð»x(Äò): ¥Ø«e¥¼ª¾ 9¤j¦Ñ¤Æ¼Ð»x¶¡¦p¦ó²o³s, ¤]¥¼ª¾¦óºØ¼Ð»x¥÷¶q³Ì­«. µM¦Ó, ¬ü°ê¦U¤jÃļt±À¥X¦UºØ¦èÃÄ½Æ¤è «P¨Ï¾¹©x¤§¦Ñ¤Æ²Ó­M´£¦­¹Ø²×¥¿¹ì, ¥H©µªø°·±dªø¹Ø¦~ÄÖ (healthspan and lifespan), ¨«¦b«e­±¤§¦èÃļt ¤µ2021¦~¤w¶i¤J§Ü¦Ñ¤Æ¦èÃÄ (senolytics)¤§Á{§É¸ÕÅç²Ä4¦~, ¦A¹L´X¦~³q¹L²Ä3´Á§Ü¦Ñ¤ÆÃĤ§Á{§É¸ÕÅç«á §Y¥i¤W¥«; ¥Ñ©óÄvª§¿E¯P ©¡®É§Ü¦Ñ¤ÆÃĤW¥««á ¤£­P»ù®æ©ù¶Q, ¦h¼Æ¤H°·±dªø¹Ø¬¡¹L120·³¦Ü150·³ À³«DÃø¨Æ , «¢! »OÆW¤w¦³112·³¦Ñ«Ó­ô·Q¬¡¨ì130·³, ¦³§Ü¦Ñ¤ÆÃĤ§§UÀ³«DÃø¨Æ! ¯«¹A¤l½sµÛ  1/13/2021

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¸U¤À·P¿E ­S¸³¨Æªø¹ªÀy¯«¹A¤l¬°¤H¥Í¥ß¤T¤£¦´: ¥ß¼w ¥ß¥\ ¥ß¨¥.Commitment to immortal morals merits, and words. January 10, 2021

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¥Ø«e¦èÂ大¦Ñ¤Æ9¤j¼Ð»x(¯S©Ê)(Äò): 6. ¦Ñ¤Æ²Ó­M¥X²{ formation of senescent cells: ²Ó­M¬V¦âÅé¨âºÝ¤§ºÝ²É¤Óµu®É ²Ó­M¤£¦A¤Àµõ ¦Óµ¥«Ý¹Ø²×¥¿¹ì apoptosis of senescent cells, ¦Ñ¤Æ²Ó­M¶V¦h ·|«P¨Ï¾¹©xµoª¢, §Î¦¨¦Ñ¦~ºC©Ê¯f. 7. ¾¹©x¤§·F²Ó­M¥ÎºÉ stem cell exhaustion: ¾¹©xµL·F²Ó­M­×¸É·l·´³¡¦ì. ¾¹©x¤§·F²Ó­M¼Æ¥Ø¶V¤Ö ªí¥Ü¶V¦Ñ¤Æ 8. ³B²z¾i¤À»P·s³¯¥NÁ¤§¾÷¯à¥¢½Õ deregulated nutrient-sensing: ¾i¤À¨¬ ¥NÁºC ¥i«P¶i¥Í¾÷, ¾i¤À¹L¦h ¥NÁ夅 «P¶i¥Í©R ¦Ñ¤Æ. 9. ²Ó­M»P²Ó­M¤§·¾³q¤£¨} defective intercellular communications: ¥¿±`¤§·¾³q¾÷¯à¡@«P¶i¥Í¾÷, ·¾³q¤£¨}¡@«P¶i¦Ñ¤Æ. «ÝÄò¡@¡@1/7/2021

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¥Ø«e¦èÂ大¦Ñ¤Æ9¤j¼Ð»x(¯S©Ê): 1. ²Ó­M®Ö¤º¬V¦âÅ餣í©w(genomic instability): ¬V¦âÊ^chromosome ¥Ñ°ò¦]DNA²Õ¦¨, ¥~¨Ó¤Æ¾Ç¤À¤l©ö§ïÅÜDNA¤Æ¾Çµ²ºc¦Ó³y¦¨DNA damage, ²Ö¿n¦¨¶Ë²ª²Ö²Ö, ¶Ë²ª¶V¦hªí¥Ü¥Í©R¶V¦Ñ¤Æ, ¥¿±`¥Í²z¾÷¯à³à¥¢¶V¦h. 2. ±øª¬¬V¦âÅé2ºÝ¤§ºÝ²ÉÁYµu telomere shortening: ¤HÅé²Ó­M¨C¤Àµõ¤@¦¸, ¨âºÝ¤§ºÝ²ÉÁYµu¤@¨Ç, ºÝ²É¶Vµu ªí¥Ü¥Í©R¶V¦Ñ¤Æ. 3. ²Ó­M¦hºØ¥Í¤Æ¤ÏÀ³§ïÅÜ, IJ´Cµ²ºc§ïÅÜ, §ïÅܶV¦h ªí¥Ü¥Í©R¶V¦Ñ¤Æ(¥¿±`¥Í²z¾÷¯à·l¶Ë¶V¦h). 4. ²Ó­M³J¥Õ½è¤§¥Í¤Æ¤ÏÀ³«í±`ª¬ºA³à¥¢ loss of proteostasis = loss of protein homeostasis, ·l¶Ë¶V¦hªí¥Ü¶V¦Ñ¤Æ. 5. ²Ó­M­ì¥Í½è¤º¤§²É½uÅé³à¥¢¾÷¯à mitochondria dysfunction: ²É½uÅé¬O²Ó­Mºû«ù¥Í©R©Ò»Ý¯à¶q¤§¥Í²£¾÷ºc, ²É¸¢Åé·l¶Ë¶V¦h ªí¥Ü¥Í©R¶V¦Ñ¤Æ. «ÝÄò¡@¡@1/7/2021

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¥Ø«e¦èÂ大¦Ñ¤ÆÂå¾Ç·sª¾: ¦Ñ¤Æ¬O«ü¤HÅé¥Í²z¾÷¯àÀH®É¶¡¦Ó³vº¥³à¥¢¾ã¦X¯à¤O, ²×ÂI¬O©¹¥Í. ¬ù¦Û25·³°_, ¥Í©RÀH®É¶¡¦Ó¦Ñ¤Æ, ²Ó­M°ò¦]»P¥Í¤Æ¤ÏÀ³±±¨î¦Ñ¤Æ¶iµ{, ¦¹2¦]¯ÀÀH¥Í©R¤§¶iµ{¦Ó²Ö¿n·l¶Ëµ{«×, ³Ì«á¾É­P¾¹©x¾÷¯à¤§·l·´¦Ó©¹¥Í.

¥Ø«e¦èÂå¤w§ä¨ì9ºØ¥Í©R¦Ñ¤Æ ¼Ð»x(9 hallmarks of aging) : «ÝÄò

1/6/2021

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·q§iŪªÌ: §Ú³]¦b¬ü°ê Yahoo¤§­Ó¤Hºô¯¸ <¯«¹A¤l±Ð«Ç>¨C¤ë¥²¶·¥I¶O, ¥D­nŪªÌ¬O¥þ²yµØ¤H, ¤w¹O¤@¤d¤­¦Ê¸U¤H¦¸, Áö´¿¦³Àb«È¤J«I, ¦ý§Úªº¨¾¬r³nÅé¤w½T©w ¦w¥þµL¸·. ¯«¹A¤l ·q¯¬¥þ²y¬ü¤H«Ó­ô ¤û¦~¦w±d ¬üÄR «Ó®ð. 1/2/2021

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<¤¤°ê®É³ø 12/29/2020 ¬P´Á ¤G>:

¶}«Ê¥« ªe«n¤j¾Ç-·C¤s¤ÖªL¦x ¦X¿ì Ph.D. degree in Kong Fu, (º~¤HªZ ¾Ç³Õ¤h) ©Û¦¬°ê»Ú¾Ç¥Í¤J¾Ç. Æg!!!

<Yahoo News>:

China will overtake the U.S. as the world's largest economy in the next decade. ¯«¦{¤j¦a±N¦b 2021¦~°_ ¤§10¦~¤º ¶W¶V¬ü§Q°í¦X²³°ê ¦¨¬°Á|¥@¤§¸gÀÙÅQ¥D. Æg!!! 12/29/2020

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ªe¬¥º~»y ­ð¸Ö®Ô»w:

¶¾©µ¤v(903AD-960AD) §@

<ªø¬Û«ä> tng siunn si

¬õº¡ªK ang mua ki. ºñº¡ªK lik3 mua ki.

±J«B¼y¼yºÎ°_¿ð sok5 i4 k(h)ing4 k(h)ing3 sui4/K(h)un4 k(h)i ti2

¶¢®xªá¼v²¾ ing ting2 hue iann4 i2

¾ÐÂk´Á ik3 kui ki2. ¼ÆÂk´Á so4 kui ki2

¹Ú¨£Áö¦h¬Û¨£µ} bang3 kian3 sui tou siang kian4 hi.

¬Û³{ª¾´X®É siang hong2 ti/tsai kui si2.

(¯«¹A¤l ­^¤å¦r¥À«÷­µ) 12/28/2020

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­C½Ï§Ö¼Ö ¤û¦~°·±dµo°]

Merry Christmas and Happy New Year.

From Robert S. Hsu

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´CÅé­^¤åÁ`½Æ²ß (4j):

*´c·N§åµû¤H¦Ó©Ò¨¥«DÄݹêªÌ (untrue or false malicious statements)ºÙ¬° ½ÚÁ½, ±`¥Î¤fÀY½ÚÁ½(oral false malicious statements) °ÊµüÁ|¨Ò:

*¤fÀY½ÚÁ½¥L¤H to asperse sy or sg vt. (=to slander).

¨Ò. How dare you asperse the character of our dedicated pastor. §A¦n¤jÁx³º´±¤fÀY½ÚÁ½§Ú­Ìªª®v¤§¤H«~.

I do not wish to asperse the fellow. §Ú¤£·Q¤fÀY½ÚÁ½¨º³Ã¥ë.

The assembly intended to asperse the right and constitutional administration of justice. ¤j·|·Q¤fÀY½ÚÁ½ ¥¿½T»P¾Ëªk¤§¥qªk¤§¹D. ¯«ª`: administration of justice = ¥qªk.

Not even scandal could asperse her motives in the present case. ¦b¥»®×¤¤ Áà¦æµLªk¤fÀY½ÚÁ½¦oªº°Ê¾÷. 12/22/2020 (Tuesday).

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´CÅé­^¤åÁ`½Æ²ß (4i):

*´c·N§åµû¤H¦Ó©Ò¨¥«DÄݹêªÌ (untrue or false malicious statements)ºÙ¬° ½ÚÁ½, ±`¥Î¤fÀY½ÚÁ½(oral false malicious statements) °ÊµüÁ|¨Ò:

*¤fÀY½ÚÁ½¤S½|¥L¤H .to vilify sy vt. (=to utter slanderous and abusive statements against). ¨Ò. His policies attacked; his personal character vilified. ¥Lªº¬Fµ¦³Q§ðÀ», «~®æ³Q¤fÀY½ÚÁ½»Pðã½|.

He was vilified in the pess for his comments. ¥Lªºµû½×³Q¤H¦b´CÅéùؤfÀY½ÚÁ½»Pðã½|.

He claimed that she had been vilified by the press because of her conservative views. ¥L»¡ ¦o¦]¬Ýªk«O¦u¦Ó³Q´CÅé¤fÀY½ÚÁ½»Pðã½|.

But it remains a moral crime to vilify good cops who have made the city safe , saving thousands of lives. ¦nĵ¹î­Ì¬@±Ï¤F¼Æ¤d¤H¥Í©R, Åý«°¥«¦w¥þ, ¤fÀY½ÚÁ½»Pðã½|¥L­Ì ¬O¹D¼w¤W¤§¦D¨Æ¥Ç¸o. A politician might vilify an opponent. ¬F«È¦³¥i¯à¤fÀY½ÚÁ½»Pðã½|¹ï¤â.

Rather than vilify Republicans for their defense of the wealthy, he returned again to trying to win the intellectual high ground. ¥L¤£¤fÀY½ÚÁ½»Pðã½|¦@©MÄÒ¤HºûÅ@´I¤H, Âà¦Ó¹Á¸Õűoª¾ÃѬɰª¦a.

Once upon a pre-feminist time, it was more common to vilify the woman. . ¤k©Ê¥D¸q©ïÀY«e, ¸û±`¦³¤H¤fÀY½ÚÁ½»Pðã½|¤k©Ê. 12/21/2020 (Monday).

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´CÅé­^¤åÁ`½Æ²ß (4h):

*´c·N§åµû¤H¦Ó©Ò¨¥«DÄݹêªÌ (untrue or false malicious statements)ºÙ¬° ½ÚÁ½, ±`¥Î¤fÀY½ÚÁ½(oral false malicious statements) °ÊµüÁ|¨Ò:

*¤fÀY·´Á½¥L¤H to calumniate sy vt. (=to slander ).

¨Ò. I do not calumniate her, when I say that she had no character, and the most limited ideas. §Ú»¡¦oµL«~®æ¯S½è, ¤]µL³Ì§C­­«×ÂI¤l®É, §Ú¨Ã«D¤fÀY½ÚÁ½¦o,

He had sought to calumniate and blacken his Excellency by saying that he aspired to the sovereignty of the Provinces. ¥L´M¨D¤fÀY½ÚÁ½¬Ó¤W, »¡¥L´÷¨Dthe Provinces ¤§²Îªv¥DÅv.

He has crowned the outrage of this debate by venturing to rise here and calumniate me. ¥L¦b¦¹ÅG½×·|¤§¤õÃz³»ºÝ¤W °_¥ß¤fÀY½ÚÁ½§Ú.

But neglect was not all Cowley had to endure, the royal party seemed disposed to calumniate him. Cowley¤£¦ý¥²¶·§Ô¨ü³Q©¿µø¿ò§Ñ, ¬Ó±Ú¦ü¥G¤fÀY½ÚÁ½¥L¦¨©Ê.

It provides an always welcome opportunity to calumniate the masses. ¸Ó¨Æ´£¨Ñ¤fÀY½ÚÁ½¸s²³¤§¨}¾÷.

He is trying to calumniate the leaders of the opposition. ¥L³]ªk¤fÀY½ÚÁ½¤Ï¹ïÄÒ»â¾É¸s.

The short-lived Sedition Act of 1798 made it illegal to calumniate the President of the United States.

µu©R¤§¬ü°ê ¤Ï«qªk µø¤fÀY½ÚÁ½Á`²Î¬°¥Çªk. 12/20/2020 (Sunday).

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´CÅé­^¤åÁ`½Æ²ß (4g):

*´c·N§åµû¤H¦Ó©Ò¨¥«DÄݹêªÌ (untrue or false malicious statements)ºÙ¬° ½ÚÁ½, ±`¥Î¤fÀY½ÚÁ½(oral false malicious statements) °ÊµüÁ|¨Ò:

*¤fÀY·´Á½¥L¤H vt. .to malign sy (=to slander = to defame).

¨Ò. to malign an honorable man. ¤fÀY½ÚÁ½¤@¦ì­È±o´L·qªº¤H.

What right have I now, with death so close to me, to malign the dead? ²{¦b§Ú«Ü±µªñ¦º¤`, ¦³¦óÅv¤O¤fÀY½ÚÁ½©¹¥Í¤H?

Gossips had maligned the lady. ¤K¨ö¤w¤fÀY½ÚÁ½¦¹²Q¤k.

Her supporters say that she has been (or is being) unfairly maligned in the press. ¤ä«ù¦oªº¤H­Ì»¡, ´CÅé¤w(¥¿)¤£¤½¥­¦a¤fÀY½ÚÁ½¦o.

This candidate believes that it is possible to win an election without maligning anyone.. ³o¦ì­Ô¿ï¤H¬Û«H¤£¤fÀY½ÚÁ½¥ô¦ó¤HªÌ ¯à·í¿ï. 12/19/2020 (Saturday).

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´CÅé­^¤åÁ`½Æ²ß (4f):

*´c·N§åµû¤H¦Ó©Ò¨¥«DÄݹêªÌ (untrue or false malicious statements)ºÙ¬° ½ÚÁ½, ±`¥Î¤fÀY½ÚÁ½(oral false malicious statements) °ÊµüÁ|¨Ò:

*¤fÀY½ÚÁ½¥L¤H vt. .to slander sy (=to utter slander against or about)(= to defame)

¨Ò. And it doesn¡¦t seem right to slander a whole nation that way, anyhow. ¨º¯ë¤fÀY½ÚÁ½¾ã­Ó°ê®a ¦ü¦³¤£¹ï.

She was accused of slandering her former boss. ¦o³Q±±¤fÀY½ÚÁ½©õ£§¦ÑÁó.

For some reason, that newspaper seems determined to slander one particular celebrity. °ò©ó¬YºØ­ì¦] ¸Ó³ø¦ü¬O»W·N¤fÀY½ÚÁ½¤@¦ì¯S©w¦W¬y. 12/19/2020 (Saturday).

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´CÅé­^¤åÁ`½Æ²ß (4e):

*´c·N§åµû¤H¦Ó©Ò¨¥«DÄݹêªÌ ºÙ¬° ½ÚÁ½, ±`¥Î°ÊµüÁ|¨Ò:

*¥Î¤å³¹ ·Ó¤ù ¹Ïµeµ¥®Ñ­±½ÚÁ½¥L¤H to libel sy vt. (=to publish a defamatory statement or representation about sy) .

. There can, of course, be no legal objection to the publication of the details of a case---if the people involved in the case have died ¡V since the dead cannot be libeled.. ·íµM ªk«ß¤£¤Ï¹ï¥Xª©®×¥ó²Ó¸`, ­Y¯A®×¤H­Ì¤w©¹¥Í ¡V ¦]¬°©¹¥ÍªÌµLªk³Q®Ñ­±½ÚÁ½. (¯«ª`: ¯A®×ªÌ¤w©¹¥Í«á ¥Xª©®×±¡²Ó¸` ¤£ºc¦¨½ÚÁ½¸o).

The first thing required of the prosecutor was to prove unequivocally that the crime libeled had actually been committed. À˹î©x(°_¶DªÌ)¥²¶·°µ¤§²Ä¤@¥ó¨Æ ¬O©ú½TÃÒ©ú®Ñ­±½ÚÁ½¦D¨Æ®×½T¹êµo¥Í¹L. (¯«ª`: ¦D¨Æ®×¤£´¿µo¥Í®É ¦¹®×¦¨®Ñ­±½ÚÁ½®×; ½T¹êµo¥Í«á ¦D¨Æ®×¤~¦¨¥ß, ¦Ó®Ñ­±½ÚÁ½®×¤£¯à¦¨¥ß)

*to libel against or on vi. (=to make libelous statements).

¨Ò. What¡¦s this but libeling against the Senate, and blazoning our injustice everywhere? °£¤F®Ñ­±½ÚÁ½°Ñij°| ¤S¥YÅã§Ú­Ì¨ì³B¯Ê¥F¥¿¸q¥~, ¨ä¾l¬O¬Æ»ò©O? 12/18/2020 (Friday)

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´CÅé­^¤åÁ`½Æ²ß (4d):

*´c·N§åµû¤H¦Ó©Ò¨¥«DÄݹêªÌ ºÙ¬° ½ÚÁ½, ¦³7­Ó±`¥Î°Êµü:

*to slander sy (=to defame)(= to utter slander against). ¤fÀY½ÚÁ½.

*to libel sy (=to publish a deflamatory statement or representation about sy) ®Ñ­±½ÚÁ½.

*to defame sy (=to utter or publish falsely anything injouurous)(= to calumniate, slander, or libel) ¤fÀY©Î¥Xª©½ÚÁ½.

*to asperse/to cast aspersions on sy (=to spread false rumors about)(= to slander) ¤fÀY½ÚÁ½.

*to vilify sy (=ton speak ill of/to speak evil of)(= to defame)(= to slander)(= to malign) ¤fÀY½ÚÁ½.

*to malign sy (=to speak harmful untruths about)(= to speak evil of)(= to slander)(= to defame). ¤fÀY½ÚÁ½.

*to calumniate sy (=to make false and malicious statements about)(= to slander) ¤fÀY½ÚÁ½.

ª`: (¤fÀY)½ÚÁ½ n. (=slander, aspersion, vilification, defamation, calumny. (¥Xª©ªº)½ÚÁ½ n. (=libel, defamation) 12/17/20

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´CÅé­^¤åÁ`½Æ²ß (4c):

*½| (¤H/¨Æ) vt.(=to speak of abusively)(= to use abusive language)(= to subject to verbal abuse): Note: abusive language = insulting language «V°d¤H¤§¨¥»yºÙ¬°½|..

*to vituperate sy/sg (=to address with abusive language = to revile = to berate = to rail against)(= to abuse in words)(= to censure abusively).

*to vituperate vi. (=n to use abusive language)(= to give vent to abusive utterances).

¨Ò. Every week the minister would ascend the pulpit (=the platform of church) and vituperate the parishioners (=church people) for a litany of vices. ¨C¬P´Áªª®v ¨«¤W±Ð°óÁ¿¥x, ½|±Ð°Ï¸s²³¥Ç¤F»¡¤£§¹ªº¸o´c. Bibliolaters (=Bible worshipers) may vituperate us, persecute us, or imprison us, but they cannot refute us. ±R«ô¸t¸gªÌ ¥i½|§Ú­Ì, §i§Ú­Ì, ©Î§â§Ú­ÌÃö¶iºÊº», ¦ý¥L­ÌµLªk»¡§Ú­Ì¦³¿ù.  12/16/2020 (Wednesday).

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´CÅé­^¤åÁ`½Æ²ß (4b):

*½| (¤H/¨Æ) vt. to revile sy/sg (=to use abusive or scornful language against sy or sg)(= to subject to verbal abuse). to revile vi. (=to speak abusively).

¨Ò. While Democrats tend to revile their losing candidates, Republicans revere theirs. ¥Á¥DÄÒ¤H·|½|¸¨¿ï¤§­Ô¿ï¤H, ¦ý¦@©MÄÒ¤H«o´L·q¸¨¿ï¤H.

And on this ground they venture to revile the Christian religion because they misunderstand it. ¦]¦¹ ¥L­Ì¦]»~¸Ñ°ò·þ±Ð¦Ó½|°ò·þ±Ð.

Many people reviled him for his callous behavior. ³\¦h¤H½|¥LµL·P. 12/16/2020 (Wed.).

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´CÅé­^¤åÁ`½Æ²ß (4a):

*½| (¤H/¨Æ) vt.(=to speak of abusively)(= to use abusive language)(= to subject to verbal abuse): Note: abusive language = insulting language ¨Ï¥Î«V°d¤H¤§¨¥»yºÙ¬°½|..

to scold vi. ½|¤H(=to speak abusively); to scold vt. °V»|¤H (=to reprimand vt. or reprove vt.)

to abuse vt. (=to revile)

to berate vt. (=to revile)

to vilify vt. (=to revile with abusive or defamatory language)½|/·´Á½(ª`: «D¯u¹ê¤~ÄÝ·´Á½)

to vituperate vt. (=to address with abusive language = to revile)

to revile vt. (=to speak of abusively); to revile vi. (=to speak abusively)

12/16/2020 (Wednesday).

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´CÅé­^¤åÁ`½Æ²ß (3e):

*¬¶ÅF vt. to blast sy/sg.

* ²r¯P§åÀ» vi. to lash out at sy/sg;

vt. to assail sy/sg; vt. to assault sy/sg; vt. to lombaste sy/sg;

vt. to censure sy/sg; vi. to hit out at sy/sg;

*½| ¤H vt. (=to speak of abusively): to berate sy; to slam sy; to castigate sy; to scold sy; to denounce sy. 12/14/2020 (Monday).

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´CÅé­^¤åÁ`½Æ²ß (3d):

*§ðÀ»¨­Åé ©Î ¤fÀY§ðÀ» vi. to hit out at sy (=to make a violent verbal or physical attack on sy)(= to direct blows vigorously)(= to criticize adversely)(= to censure). ¨Ò. China hits out at the U.S. after the report of new visa restrictions. ¤¤°ê²r§å¬ü°ê·sªºÃ±ÃÒ­­¨î.

The star hit out at the press for their lukewarm reviews. ¸Ó©ú¬P²r§å´CÅé°OªÌ­Ì¤§µû½×¤£¼ö¯P.

*µL¥Ø¼Ð¦a§ðÀ» vi. to hit out at (=to strike aimlessly). ¨Ò. The therapist said patients often hit out in frustration. ªvÀø®v¤ê ±wªÌ±`º©µL¥Ø¼Ð¦a«DijªvÀø¹Î¶¤. 12/13/2020 (Sunday)

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´CÅé­^¤åÁ`½Æ²ß (3c):

*¤fÀY§ðÀ»/²r§å vt. to slam sy/sg (=to criticize harshly and usually publicly), to attack verbally). ¨Ò. He slammed my taste mercilessly. ¥LµL±¡¦a²r§å§Úªº¤f¨ý.

*½| to slam vt. sy (=to abuse verbally)(= to utter verbal abuse)

¨Ò. The director slammed the cast members for forgetting their lines on opening night. ¾Éºt½|ºt­û­Ì¦b¶}ºt¤§©]§Ñ»Oµü. 12/12/2020 (Saturday)

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´CÅé­^¤åÁ`½Æ²ß (3b): *¤½¶}¥¿¦¡«Dij(¬Y¤H/¬Y¨Æ) to censure sy/sg (=to express public or formal disapproval of)(= to express official censure of). ¨Ò. A vote to censure the President for conduct that was unbecoming to his office. ¥Î¿ï²¼¨Ó§å§PÁ`²Î¤§¦æ¬°¤£¾A¥ô²{¾. A resolution on the floor to censure the senator. ij·|ªí¨M­n§å§P°Ñij­û. A State Supreme Court Justice in Queens was censured by the State Commission on Judicial Conduct yesterday. ¬Q¤é¦{¥qªk©e­û·|¤½¶}«Dij¦{³Ì°ªªk°|¥qªk©x.

*§P©w¬°¤£¹D¼w©Î¨¸´c to censure sg (=to declare to be morally wrong or evil). ¨Ò. Our society generally censures the taking of another person¡¦s life. §Ú­ÌªºªÀ·|³q±`§P©w±þ¤H¤£¹D¼w. 12/12/2020 (Saturday)

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´CÅé­^¤åÁ`½Æ²ß (3a): *²r¯P§åµû(¬Y¤H/¬Y¨Æ) to censure sy/sg. (=to criticize harshly or vehemently = to give censure, adverse criticism, severe disapproval)(= to criticize severely = to condemn)

¨Ò. She is more to be pitied than censured. »P¨ä²r§å¦o¤£¦p¼¦¼§¦o. He was censured by the committee for his failure to report the problem. ¥X°ÝÃD¥L¥¼³ø ©e­û·|²r§å¥L.

*ÄY¼F­t­±§å§P(¬Y¤H/¬Y¨Æ) vt. to censure sy/sg (=to find fault with and criticize adversely as blameworthy = to disapprove of or dispraise). ¨Ò. It was no proof of refinement to be ever scolding others for vulgarity, and . it was no sign of a good pastor to be eternally censuring his flock. ¦Ñ¬O½|¤H³¥ÆZ¤£¯àÃÒ©ú§A°ª¶®, ¦Ñ¬O²r§åªåªå²³¥Í ¤]¤£¯àÃÒ©ú§A¬O¦nªª®v. We censure the behavior of his children even as we lap up every episode involving them. §Ú­Ì²r§å¥Lªº¤p«Ä­Ì ÁöµM§Ú­Ì¼Ö¬Ý¥L­Ìªº¨C¥ó¨Æ. 12/11/2020 (Friday)

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´CÅé­^¤åÁ`½Æ²ß (2f): ¤fÀY§ðÀ» vt. to lambaste sy (=to administer a verbal or written thrashing to sy =to excoriate = to attack verbally =to censure) ¨Ò. He has been much lambasted for his ideas. ¥Lªº·Qªk ³Q²r§å. He approves in principle every major administration policy and lambastes certain details.¥L­ì«h¤W¦P·N¦U¥D­n¦æ¬F¬Fµ¦, ¤]²r§å£¸¨Ç²Ó¸`. Critics lambasted his performance. µû½×ªÌ²r§å¥Lªº·~ÁZ. The coach lambasted the team for its poor play. ±Ð½m²r§å¶¤¥î²y§Þ¤í¨Î. They wrote several letters lambasting the new law. ¥L ­Ì¼g¤F´X«Ê«H ²r§å·sªk«ß. The director lambasted them mercilessly for forgetting their lines during the final dress rehearsal. (=to criticize sy severely for personal failings). ¦b³Ì«á±Æ½m®É ¾ÉºtµL±¡²r§åºt­û­Ì¿ò§Ñ¥xµü.

Movie critics across the country lambasted the thriller for its orgy of violence. (=to criticize harshly and publicly). Á|°ê¼vµû ²r§å¼öªù¼v¤ù¤§¼É¤O³õ­±. 12/5/2020 (Saturday).

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´CÅé­^¤åÁ`½Æ²ß (2e):

§ðÀ»¨­Åé to lambaste sy (=to assault violently =to beat/to whip/to pound). ¨Ò. Nothing pleased him so much as to get a big longing chain and lambaste the evil spirits out of the mate. ¥L«Ü¤£°ª¿³ ®³°_ªøÃì ¥´¨«¦ñ«Q¨­¤W¨¸´c¤§°­»î. Give a thorough lambasting to the Japanese in the First Battle of the Philippines. µá«ß»«¸s®q²Ä¤@¦¸§@¾Ô®É¹ý©³À»«±¤é¥»¤H.

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´CÅé­^¤åÁ`½Æ²ß (2d):

¤fÀY§ðÀ» to assault sy or sg (=to attack verbally)(= to make a violent verbal attack) (=to attack violently by nonphysical means (such as arguments, words, or unfriendly measures)(=to assail). ¨Ò. Assault the constitution. ²r§å¾Ëªk. He verbally assaulted one of her coworkers. ¥L²r§å¤@¦ì¦P¨Æ.

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´CÅé­^¤åÁ`½Æ²ß (2c):

§ðÀ»¨­Åé©Î«°¥« to assault sy (=to attack =to make an assault upon) (=to attack with strong violent onslaught) (=to attack a person with brutal violence)(=to make a violent physical attack)(= to assail) ¨Ò. The soldiers were assaulting the castle. ¤h§L§ðÀ»«°³ù. Enemy forces assaulted the city. ¼Ä­x§ðÀ»«°¥«. A police officer assaulted by the mob. ¼É¥Á¥´¤@¦ìĵ©x. He was arrested for assaulting a police officer. ¥L¥´¤@¦ìĵ©x³Q§ì. She was sexually assaulted. (=was raped) ¦o³Q©Ê§ðÀ»(±j«Á). She could not give a full description of the person who had assaulted her. (=to rape) ¦oµLªk»¡¥X±j«Á¦oªº¤H¤§¼Ò¼Ë.

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´CÅé­^¤åÁ`½Æ²ß (2b):

¤fÀY§ðÀ» vt. to assail sy (=to attack with criticism, ridicule, abuse)(=to attack forcefully or violently with nonphysical means (as with words)(=to criticize harshly and publicly). ¨Ò. The union organizers assailed the chemical company for failing to provide a safe working environment. ¤u·|²r§å¤Æ¾Ç¤½¥q, »¡¤½¥q¥¼´£¨Ñ¦w¥þ¤u§@Àô¹Ò. to assail one¡¦s opponent with slander. ¥Î·´Á½¤è¦¡ ²r§å¹ï¤â. The adherents of the new learning were assailed with every sort of ridicule. ¥D±i¾Ç²ß·sª¾ªÌ ¨ü¨ì¦UºØÙ^Ùg¤§§å À». a proposal assailed by critics. ¥ø¹º®×¨ü¨ì§åµûªÌ²r§å. The Chinese had assailed the Russian leader for being soft on the imperialists. µØ¤H²r§å ĬÁp¤à¤Ú«´ ¤Ò, »¡¥L³n®z¹ï¥I«Ò°ê¥D¸qªÌ. The movie was assailed by critics. ¹q¼v¨ü¨ì¼vµûªÌ²r§å. Politicians were assailed by the media. ¬F«È¨ü¨ì´CÅé²r§å. ¥´(¤H) to assail sy (=to take sudden violent action against). A band of hooligans assailed the homeless man, punching and kicking him. ¤@À°¬yª]¹ï¤@¦ì¹C¥Á®±¥´¸}½ð.

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´CÅé­^¤åÁ`½Æ²ß (2a): §ðÀ»¨­Åé/¤fÀY§ðÀ»/¥H¤å¦r§ðÀ» : ¦³3­Ó­^¤å¤Îª«°Êµü¥i¥Î., to assail sy =to assault sy = to lambaste sy.

§ðÀ»¨­Åé ©Î«°¥«vt. to assail sy or a city (=to attack vigorously or violently = to assault)

¨Ò. Assail a man with blows.¥Î®±ÀY§ðÀ»¤H. Assail a city. §ð«°. The noise assailed my ears. ¾¸­µ§ðÀ»§Ú¦Õ. The military has developed offensive capabilities, giving it the power not just to defend the U.S. but to assail its foes. ­x¤èµo®i§ðÀ»¯à¤O ¤£¦ý«O½Ã¬ü°ê, §ó¥i§ð¼Ä.

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´CÅé­^¤åÁ`½Æ²ß (1e):

*¤fÀY§ðÀ»/½|/¤fÀY³B»@ (¬Y¤H) vt. to lash sy (=to attack, scold, or punish severely with words) (=to assail or castigate with nonphysical means) (=to assail or castigate with stinging, biting, or satirical words). ¨Ò. She lashed the students with harsh criticism. ¦o¥H²r¯P§åµû ³B»@¾Ç¥Í The jealousy, the hatred, the terror which lash our souls. §Ò§ª¤³«ë ®£Äß ¥´À»§Ú­ÌªºÆF»î. Lashed the vices of the time ½| ·í®É¤§¨¸´c¤£¹D¼w.

*¤fÀY§ðÀ»©Î§ðÀ»¨­Åé vi. to lash out at sy/sg (=to attack verbally or physically/to strike vigorously at sy or sg) (=to make a verbal assault/to engage in biting criticism or censure)

¨Ò. He lashed out wildly at his attackers. ¥L¹ï§ðÀ»ªÌ°µ¥û²r¤ÏÀ». to lash out at injustice. (=to attack sy with harsh words) ¹ïµL¥¿¸q°µ¤fÀY§ðÀ». Lashing at the bullet-headed commander §ðÀ»¤l¼uÀY«ü´§©x. Uses newspaper ads to lash back. µn¼s§i¦^À». The author lashes out at Fascism. §@ªÌ§ðÀ»ªk¦è´µ¥D¸q.

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´CÅé­^¤åÁ`½Æ²ß (1d): ²r¯P§åµû (=to criticize vigorously); ½|­Ó¤£°± (=to scold vehemently). to berate sy (=to criticize hatefully or vigorously/to scold harshly or vehemently). hearing Ed Hall berate a farmer who doubled the practicability of the machine. (=to criticize vigorously) Å¥¨ì Ed ¤@ª½½|¹A¤Ò ¤@¥x¾÷¾¹·í¤G¥x¥Î. an Italian shrew berating her unemployed husband. (=to scold or chide vehemently) ¤@¦ì¸q¤j§Q¼·°ü§â¥¢·~¥ý¥Í½|­Ó¤£°±. being berated by her parents when she came home late. (=to scold vehemently and at length) ¬ü¤H¿ðÂk ¤÷¥À½|­Ó¤£°±. there is no need to berate someone for making a mistake during the first day on the job. (=to criticize someone severely for personal failings) ¤£¥²²r§å²Ä¤@¤Ñ¤W¯Z¥X¿ù¤§¤H.

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´CÅé­^¤åÁ`½Æ²ß (1c):

²r¯P§åµû©Î¤fÀY§ðÀ»(¬Y¤H) to castigate sy (=to criticize severely or with drastic severity). those poems in which he castigates man¡¦s general inhumanity and lack of sincerity. ¥Lªº¸Ö²r¯P§åÀ»¤HÃþ¤§¤£¤H¹D»PµL¸Û«H. Castigated him for his constant tardiness (=to subject to severe criticism/to criticize sy severely especially for personal failings) ²r¯P§ðÀ»¥L ¥Ã»·ºC§]§]. The author castigated the prime minister as an ineffective leader. §@ªÌ²r§å­º¬ÛµL®Ä²v. The judge castigated the lawyers for their lack of preparation. ªk©x²r§å«ß®v­Ì¥¼·Ç³Æ. A newspaper editorial castigating the city council for approving the project in the first place. (=to criticize harshly and usually publicly) ³ø¯ÈªÀ½×²r§å¥«Ä³·|¥ý§Ö³t³q¹L¥ø¹º®×.

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´CÅé­^¤åÁ`½Æ²ß (1b):

¯¥ÅF/³d½| vt. *to blast sy (=to criticize vigorously/to denounce). to blast vi. away at sy (=to attack vigorously).

¨Ò. In his campaign speech he really blasts (vt.) the other party. ¥LªºÄv¿ïºt»¡ ¯¥ÅF¥t¤@­Ó¬FÄÒ. He blasted away at the false idealism of his opponents. (to blast away vi. =to attack with vigor) ¥L¯¥ÅF¹ï¤â­Ì¤§²z·Q¥D¸q. His own lack of hesitation in --- blasting any and all dignitaries. (=to denounce vigorously)¥L¤£°²«ä¯Á³d½|¦W¬y­Ì (¯«ª`: ¦¹¦r¦³½|¤§©w¸q to curse vt.). Blasting their opponents in the media (=to attack vigorously) ¯¥ÅF´CÅ餤¤§¹ï¤â. Blasted the new governor for every little misstep (=to criticize harshly and usually publicly) ¯¥ÅF·s¦{ªø¤§¨C¨B¤p¿ù.

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´CÅé­^¤åÁ`½Æ²ß (1a):

²r¯P§åµû (to criticize severely) ©Î¤fÀY§ðÀ» (to attack verbally) ¦³11­Ó­^¤å°Êµü¥i¥Î.

*to castigate sy =*to chastise sy (=to criticize severely)

*to berate sy (=to criticize hatefully)

*to blast sy (=to criticize vigorously/to denounce)

a blast (=a vigorous or violent outburst of criticism)

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BBC News: ¶åı»P¨ýı²§±` ¬O·P¬V·s«aª¬¯f¬r¤§®Ö¤ß¯gª¬; §Ö§äÂå®v°µÀËÅç.

Anosmia (loss of sense of smell) and dysgeusia (an altered sense of taste) are core symptoms of coronavirus infection; report to your doctor for a COVID test. 11/16/2020 (Monday)

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(¬üÁpªÀ 11/15/2020 ¬P´Á¤é)ªF«n¨È°ê®aÁp·ù (10°ê) ¤¤°ê ¤é¥» «nÁú ¶ø¤j§Q¨È ¤Î¯Ã¦èÄõµ¥15°ê¤µ¤éñ­qÁ|¥@³Ì¤j°ê»Ú¦hÃä¶T©ö±ø¬ù RCEP (°Ï°ì¥þ­±¸gÀٹ٦ñ¨ó©w), «P¦¨Á|¥@³Ì¤j°ê»Ú¶T©ö°é, ²[»\ 20»õ¤H¤f. ¿D¬w§Æ±æ¯à¥H¦¹§ïµ½»P¤¤°êÃö«Y.

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Fortune Global 500 2020 (Time °]´IÂø»x ¥@¬É500±j): Á|¥@500±j¥ø·~¤¤, ¤j¤¤µØ ¦û 129®a¥ø·~, ¬ü§Q°í¦X²³°ê¦³ 121®a¥ø·~, ¦ý ¬ü°ê Walmart°]´IÁ|¥@²Ä¤@. µ²½×: µØ¤H¤§¥@¬ö¤w¨ÓÁ{! ®¥³ß!

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(BBC/Yahoo News) China just launched the world's first 6G sattellite, more than 100 times faster than 5G source, for smart city construction, disaster prevention, and environmenal protection. 11/11/2020 (Wednesday).

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Truth & Transparency Foundation ¤ê: Corruption is universal and political parties are the most corrupt institution worldwide. ¥¿¦]¬FÄÒ¬OÁ|¥@³Ì³g»G¾÷ºc, ¾§®a¤§¤j¦P¥@¬ÉµLªk«ü±æ¬FÄÒ, ¦Ó¥²¶·¾a »¯®a§º°ê¤§¦¶¿Q ·s¾§¾Ç (=¦¶¿Q²z¾Ç + ¾§¾Ç) ¤~¯à¹ê²{. ¦è¤èº~¾Ç®a±N·s¾§¾Ç ¸m©ó¾§¾Ç¤§¤W . º~¤H¶Ç²Î«Ò¨î¤U¤§©ú§g ¤~¦³¥i¯à¹ê²{·s¾§¾Ç, ½l³y ¤j¦P¥@¬É. ¬G¤ê: ¤HÃþ¤å©ú¤§Åq®p¦bªF¤è, «D¦b¦è¤è¤]! Æg

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瑠¤½¦`¤½¶é ²Ä3ª©(·sª©) ¦b 109.11.6. (¶g¤­)¶}±i, ¤½¶é·s¤j¹D³e³q ³»¦n¼s³õ ¤j¦w¸ô SOGO©¾§µÀ] »P´_¿³«n¸ô1¬q, 10¤À¦³§Q§@®§ ¦³³\¦h¤H¦b¤½¶é¤ºÂ¶µÛ¤½¶é¨«¸ô°·¨­Æg!  11/8/2020

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®¥¶P Joe Biden Àò±o 290 ¿ïÁ|¤H²¼ ·í¿ï ¬ü§Q°í¦X²³°ê (The United States of America) Á`²Î

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2020.10.31. (Saturday) ­^°ê¥¨¬P ¥v®¦±d¯Ç ¨Ó(Sean Connery)(²Ä¤@¦ì¹¢ºt °»±´ James Bond) ³u¥@, ¨É¦~ 90. ¥Lºt¹L 7³¡ 007 °»±´¼v¤ù. §Ú¦b1963¦~ Æ[½à¨ä²Ä¤@³¡ 007 ¹q¼v.

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Truth & Transparency Foundation ¤ê: ³g»G ¤D´¶¥@¤§¤H©Ê (corruption is universal), ·¥­P³g»G¤§¾÷ºc ¤D¬FÄÒ¤] (Political parties are the most corrupt institution in the world), ¦¹°òª÷·|¦CÁ|¦UºØ³g»G¦æ¬° (the Foundation itemizes and defines all forms of corruption including nepotism, cronyism, venality, extortion, etc.). ¯«¹A¤l¤ê: ¥Á¥D¬Fªv¤§¬FÄÒ ¤D¶°­Ó¤H³g»G¤§¤j¶°¹Î¤], ¥Á¥D¬FÄÒ»¤´b¤O¦Ü¤j.  10/24/2020

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