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		October 16, 2020 (Friday) Original December 24, 2020 (Thursday) Update 　神農子英語 2 (Mandarin/English 2) 神農子編著　　媒體英文總複習 (4j): 媒體英文總複習 (4j): 惡意批評人而所言非屬實者 (untrue or false malicious statements)稱為誹謗, 常用口頭誹謗(oral false malicious statements) 動詞舉例: 口頭誹謗他人 to asperse sy or sg vt. (=to slander). 例. How dare you asperse the character of our dedicated pastor. 你好大膽竟敢口頭誹謗我們牧師之人品. I do not wish to asperse the fellow. 我不想口頭誹謗那傢伙. The assembly intended to asperse the right and constitutional administration of justice. 大會想口頭誹謗正確與憲法之司法之道. 神注: administration of justice = 司法. Not even scandal could asperse her motives in the present case. 在本案中醜行無法口頭誹謗她的動機. 12/22/2020 (Tuesday). 　媒體英文總複習 (4i): 惡意批評人而所言非屬實者 (untrue or false malicious statements)稱為誹謗, 常用口頭誹謗(oral false malicious statements) 動詞舉例: 口頭誹謗又罵他人 .to vilify sy vt. (=to utter slanderous and abusive statements against). 例. His policies attacked; his personal character vilified. 他的政策被攻擊, 品格被口頭誹謗與謾罵. He was vilified in the pess for his comments. 他的評論被人在媒體裏口頭誹謗與謾罵. He claimed that she had been vilified by the press because of her conservative views. 他說她因看法保守而被媒體口頭誹謗與謾罵. But it remains a moral crime to vilify good cops who have made the city safe , saving thousands of lives. 好警察們拯救了數千人生命, 讓城市安全, 口頭誹謗與謾罵他們是道德上之刑事犯罪. A politician might vilify an opponent. 政客有可能口頭誹謗與謾罵對手. Rather than vilify Republicans for their defense of the wealthy, he returned again to trying to win the intellectual high ground. 他不口頭誹謗與謾罵共和黨人維護富人, 轉而嘗試贏得知識界高地. Once upon a pre-feminist time, it was more common to vilify the woman. . 女性主義抬頭前, 較常有人口頭誹謗與謾罵女性. 12/21/2020 (Monday). 　媒體英文總複習 (4h): 惡意批評人而所言非屬實者 (untrue or false malicious statements)稱為誹謗, 常用口頭誹謗(oral false malicious statements) 動詞舉例: 口頭毀謗他人 to calumniate sy vt. (=to slander ). 例. I do not calumniate her, when I say that she had no character, and the most limited ideas. 我說她無品格特質, 也無最低限度點子時, 我並非口頭誹謗她, He had sought to calumniate and blacken his Excellency by saying that he aspired to the sovereignty of the Provinces. 他尋求口頭誹謗皇上, 說他渴求the Provinces 之統治主權. He has crowned the outrage of this debate by venturing to rise here and calumniate me. 他在此辯論會之火爆頂端上起立口頭誹謗我. But neglect was not all Cowley had to endure, the royal party seemed disposed to calumniate him. Cowley不但必須忍受被忽視遺忘, 皇族似乎口頭誹謗他成性. It provides an always welcome opportunity to calumniate the masses. 該事提供口頭誹謗群眾之良機. He is trying to calumniate the leaders of the opposition. 他設法口頭誹謗反對黨領導群. The short-lived Sedition Act of 1798 made it illegal to calumniate the President of the United States. 短命之美國反叛法視口頭誹謗總統為犯法. 12/20/2020 (Sunday). 　媒體英文總複習 (4g): 惡意批評人而所言非屬實者 (untrue or false malicious statements)稱為誹謗, 常用口頭誹謗(oral false malicious statements) 動詞舉例: 口頭毀謗他人 vt. .to malign sy (=to slander = to defame). 例. to malign an honorable man. 口頭誹謗一位值得尊敬的人. What right have I now, with death so close to me, to malign the dead? 現在我很接近死亡, 有何權力口頭誹謗往生人? Gossips had maligned the lady. 八卦已口頭誹謗此淑女. Her supporters say that she has been (or is being) unfairly maligned in the press. 支持她的人們說, 媒體已(正)不公平地口頭誹謗她. This candidate believes that it is possible to win an election without maligning anyone.. 這位候選人相信不口頭誹謗任何人者能當選. 12/19/2020 (Saturday). 　媒體英文總複習 (4f): 惡意批評人而所言非屬實者 (untrue or false malicious statements)稱為誹謗, 常用口頭誹謗(oral false malicious statements) 動詞舉例: 口頭誹謗他人 vt. .to slander sy (=to utter slander against or about)(= to defame) 例. And it doesn’t seem right to slander a whole nation that way, anyhow. 那般口頭誹謗整個國家似有不對. She was accused of slandering her former boss. 她被控口頭誹謗昔ㄖ老闆. For some reason, that newspaper seems determined to slander one particular celebrity. 基於某種原因該報似是蓄意口頭誹謗一位特定名流. 12/19/2020 (Saturday). 　媒體英文總複習 (4e): 惡意批評人而所言非屬實者稱為誹謗, 常用動詞舉例: 用文章照片圖畫等書面誹謗他人 to libel sy vt. (=to publish a defamatory statement or representation about sy) . . There can, of course, be no legal objection to the publication of the details of a case---if the people involved in the case have died – since the dead cannot be libeled.. 當然法律不反對出版案件細節, 若涉案人們已往生 – 因為往生者無法被書面誹謗. (神注: 涉案者已往生後出版案情細節不構成誹謗罪). The first thing required of the prosecutor was to prove unequivocally that the crime libeled had actually been committed. 檢察官(起訴者)必須做之第一件事是明確證明書面誹謗刑事案確實發生過. (神注: 刑事案不曾發生時此案成書面誹謗案; 確實發生後刑事案才成立, 而書面誹謗案不能成立) to libel against or on vi. (=to make libelous statements). 例. What’s this but libeling against the Senate, and blazoning our injustice everywhere? 除了書面誹謗參議院又凸顯我們到處缺乏正義外, 其餘是甚麼呢? 12/18/2020 (Friday) 　媒體英文總複習 (4d):* 惡意批評人而所言非屬實者稱為誹謗, 有7個常用動詞: to slander sy (=to defame)(= to utter slander against). 口頭誹謗. to libel sy (=to publish a deflamatory statement or representation about sy) 書面誹謗. to defame sy (=to utter or publish falsely anything injouurous)(= to calumniate, slander, or libel) 口頭或出版誹謗. to asperse/to cast aspersions on sy (=to spread false rumors about)(= to slander) 口頭誹謗. to vilify sy (=ton speak ill of/to speak evil of)(= to defame)(= to slander)(= to malign) 口頭誹謗. to malign sy (=to speak harmful untruths about)(= to speak evil of)(= to slander)(= to defame). 口頭誹謗. to calumniate sy (=to make false and malicious statements about)(= to slander) 口頭誹謗. 注: (口頭)誹謗 n. (=slander, aspersion, vilification, defamation, calumny. (出版的)誹謗 n. (=libel, defamation) 12/17/20 　媒體英文總複習 (4c): 罵 (人/事) vt.(=to speak of abusively)(= to use abusive language)(= to subject to verbal abuse): Note: abusive language = insulting language 侮辱人之言語稱為罵.. to vituperate sy/sg (=to address with abusive language = to revile = to berate = to rail against)(= to abuse in words)(= to censure abusively). to vituperate vi. (=n to use abusive language)(= to give vent to abusive utterances). 例. Every week the minister would ascend the pulpit (=the platform of church) and vituperate the parishioners (=church people) for a litany of vices. 每星期牧師走上教堂講台, 罵教區群眾犯了說不完的罪惡. Bibliolaters (=Bible worshipers) may vituperate us, persecute us, or imprison us, but they cannot refute us. 崇拜聖經者可罵我們, 告我們, 或把我們關進監獄, 但他們無法說我們有錯. 12/16/2020 (Wednesday). 　媒體英文總複習 (4b):* 罵 (人/事) vt. to revile sy/sg (=to use abusive or scornful language against sy or sg)(= to subject to verbal abuse). to revile vi. (=to speak abusively). 例. While Democrats tend to revile their losing candidates, Republicans revere theirs. 民主黨人會罵落選之候選人, 但共和黨人卻尊敬落選人.* And on this ground they venture to revile the Christian religion because they misunderstand it. 因此他們因誤解基督教而罵基督教. Many people reviled him for his callous behavior. 許多人罵他無感. 12/16/2020 (Wed.). 　媒體英文總複習 (4a): 罵 (人/事) vt.(=to speak of abusively)(= to use abusive language)(= to subject to verbal abuse): Note: abusive language = insulting language 使用侮辱人之言語稱為罵.. to scold vi. 罵人(=to speak abusively); to scold vt. 訓誡人 (=to reprimand vt. or reprove vt.)* to abuse vt. (=to revile) to berate vt. (=to revile) to vilify vt. (=to revile with abusive or defamatory language)罵/毀謗(注: 非真實才屬毀謗) to vituperate vt. (=to address with abusive language = to revile) to revile vt. (=to speak of abusively); to revile vi. (=to speak abusively) 12/16/2020 (Wednesday). 　媒體英文總複習 (3e): 炮轟 vt. to blast sy/sg. 猛烈批擊 vi. to lash out at sy/sg; vt. to assail sy/sg; vt. to assault sy/sg; vt. to lombaste sy/sg; vt. to censure sy/sg; vi. to hit out at sy/sg; 罵人 vt. (=to speak of abusively): to berate sy; to slam sy; to castigate sy; to scold sy; to denounce sy. 12/14/2020 (Monday). 　媒體英文總複習 (3d):* 攻擊身體或口頭攻擊 vi. to hit out at sy (=to make a violent verbal or physical attack on sy)(= to direct blows vigorously)(= to criticize adversely)(= to censure). 例. China hits out at the U.S. after the report of new visa restrictions. 中國猛批美國新的簽證限制. The star hit out at the press for their lukewarm reviews. 該明星猛批媒體記者們之評論不熱烈.* 無目標地攻擊 vi. to hit out at (=to strike aimlessly). 例. The therapist said patients often hit out in frustration. 治療師曰患者常漫無目標地非議治療團隊. 12/13/2020 (Sunday) 　媒體英文總複習 (3c):* 口頭攻擊/猛批 vt. to slam sy/sg (=to criticize harshly and usually publicly), to attack verbally). 例. He slammed my taste mercilessly. 他無情地猛批我的口味. 罵 to slam vt. sy (=to abuse verbally)(= to utter verbal abuse) 例. The director slammed the cast members for forgetting their lines on opening night. 導演罵演員們在開演之夜忘臺詞. 12/12/2020 (Saturday) 　媒體英文總複習 (3b): 公開正式非議(某人/某事) to censure sy/sg (=to express public or formal disapproval of)(= to express official censure of). 例. A vote to censure the President for conduct that was unbecoming to his office. 用選票來批判總統之行為不適任現職. A resolution on the floor to censure the senator. 議會表決要批判參議員. A State Supreme Court Justice in Queens was censured by the State Commission on Judicial Conduct yesterday. 昨日州司法委員會公開非議州最高法院司法官. 判定為不道德或邪惡 to censure sg (=to declare to be morally wrong or evil). 例. Our society generally censures the taking of another person’s life. 我們的社會通常判定殺人不道德. 12/12/2020 (Saturday) 　媒體英文總複習 (3a): 猛烈批評(某人/某事) to censure sy/sg. (=to criticize harshly or vehemently = to give censure, adverse criticism, severe disapproval)(= to criticize severely = to condemn) 例. She is more to be pitied than censured. 與其猛批她不如憐憫她. He was censured by the committee for his failure to report the problem. 出問題他未報委員會猛批他.* 嚴厲負面批判(某人/某事) vt. to censure sy/sg (=to find fault with and criticize adversely as blameworthy = to disapprove of or dispraise). 例. It was no proof of refinement to be ever scolding others for vulgarity, and . it was no sign of a good pastor to be eternally censuring his flock. 老是罵人野蠻不能證明你高雅, 老是猛批芸芸眾生也不能證明你是好牧師. We censure the behavior of his children even as we lap up every episode involving them. 我們猛批他的小孩們雖然我們樂看他們的每件事. 12/11/2020 (Friday) 　媒體英文總複習 (2f): 口頭攻擊 vt. to lambaste sy (=to administer a verbal or written thrashing to sy =to excoriate = to attack verbally =to censure) 例. He has been much lambasted for his ideas. 他的想法被猛批. He approves in principle every major administration policy and lambastes certain details.他原則上同意各主要行政政策, 也猛批ㄧ些細節. Critics lambasted his performance. 評論者猛批他的業績. The coach lambasted the team for its poor play. 教練猛批隊伍球技欠佳. They wrote several letters lambasting the new law. 他們寫了幾封信猛批新法律. The director lambasted them mercilessly for forgetting their lines during the final dress rehearsal. (=to criticize sy severely for personal failings). 在最後排練時導演無情猛批演員們遺忘台詞. Movie critics across the country lambasted the thriller for its orgy of violence. (=to criticize harshly and publicly). 舉國影評猛批熱門影片之暴力場面. 12/5/2020 (Saturday).* 　媒體英文總複習 (2e): 攻擊身體 to lambaste sy (=to assault violently =to beat/to whip/to pound). 例. Nothing pleased him so much as to get a big longing chain and lambaste the evil spirits out of the mate. 他很不高興拿起長鏈打走伴侶身上邪惡之鬼魂. Give a thorough lambasting to the Japanese in the First Battle of the Philippines. 菲律賓群島第一次作戰時徹底擊垮日本人. 　媒體英文總複習 (2d): 口頭攻擊 to assault sy or sg (=to attack verbally)(= to make a violent verbal attack) (=to attack violently by nonphysical means (such as arguments, words, or unfriendly measures)(=to assail). 例. Assault the constitution. 猛批憲法. He verbally assaulted one of her coworkers. 他猛批一位同事. 　媒體英文總複習 (2c): 攻擊身體或城市 to assault sy (=to attack =to make an assault upon) (=to attack with strong violent onslaught) (=to attack a person with brutal violence)(=to make a violent physical attack)(= to assail) 例. The soldiers were assaulting the castle. 士兵攻擊城堡. Enemy forces assaulted the city. 敵軍攻擊城市. A police officer assaulted by the mob. 暴民打一位警官. He was arrested for assaulting a police officer. 他打一位警官被抓. She was sexually assaulted. (=was raped) 她被性攻擊(強姦). She could not give a full description of the person who had assaulted her. (=to rape) 她無法說出強姦她的人之模樣. 　媒體英文總複習 (2b): 口頭攻擊 vt. to assail sy (=to attack with criticism, ridicule, abuse)(=to attack forcefully or violently with nonphysical means (as with words)(=to criticize harshly and publicly). 例. The union organizers assailed the chemical company for failing to provide a safe working environment. 工會猛批化學公司, 說公司未提供安全工作環境. to assail one’s opponent with slander. 用毀謗方式猛批對手. The adherents of the new learning were assailed with every sort of ridicule. 主張學習新知者受到各種揶揄之批擊. a proposal assailed by critics. 企劃案受到批評者猛批. The Chinese had assailed the Russian leader for being soft on the imperialists. 華人猛批蘇聯戈巴契夫, 說他軟弱對付帝國主義者. The movie was assailed by critics. 電影受到影評者猛批. Politicians were assailed by the media. 政客受到媒體猛批. 打(人) to assail sy (=to take sudden violent action against). A band of hooligans assailed the homeless man, punching and kicking him. 一幫流氓對一位遊民拳打腳踢. 　媒體英文總複習 (2a): 攻擊身體/口頭攻擊/以文字攻擊 : 有3個英文及物動詞可用., to assail sy =to assault sy = to lambaste sy. 攻擊身體或城市vt. to assail sy or a city (=to attack vigorously or violently = to assault) 例. Assail a man with blows.用拳頭攻擊人. Assail a city. 攻城. The noise assailed my ears. 噪音攻擊我耳. The military has developed offensive capabilities, giving it the power not just to defend the U.S. but to assail its foes. 軍方發展攻擊能力不但保衛美國, 更可攻敵. 　媒體英文總複習 (1e): 口頭攻擊/罵/口頭處罰 (某人) vt. to lash sy (=to attack, scold, or punish severely with words) (=to assail or castigate with nonphysical means) (=to assail or castigate with stinging, biting, or satirical words). 例. She lashed the students with harsh criticism. 她以猛烈批評處罰學生 The jealousy, the hatred, the terror which lash our souls. 忌妒仇恨恐懼打擊我們的靈魂. Lashed the vices of the time 罵當時之邪惡不道德. 口頭攻擊或攻擊身體 vi. to lash out at sy/sg (=to attack verbally or physically/to strike vigorously at sy or sg) (=to make a verbal assault/to engage in biting criticism or censure) 例. He lashed out wildly at his attackers. 他對攻擊者做兇猛反擊. to lash out at injustice. (=to attack sy with harsh words) 對無正義做口頭攻擊. Lashing at the bullet-headed commander 攻擊子彈頭指揮官. Uses newspaper ads to lash back. 登廣告回擊. The author lashes out at Fascism. 作者攻擊法西斯主義. 媒體英文總複習 (1d): 猛烈批評 (=to criticize vigorously); 罵個不停 (=to scold vehemently). to berate sy (=to criticize hatefully or vigorously/to scold harshly or vehemently). hearing Ed Hall berate a farmer who doubled the practicability of the machine. (=to criticize vigorously) 聽到 Ed 一直罵農夫一台機器當二台用. an Italian shrew berating her unemployed husband. (=to scold or chide vehemently) 一位義大利撥婦把失業先生罵個不停. being berated by her parents when she came home late. (=to scold vehemently and at length) 美人遲歸父母罵個不停. there is no need to berate someone for making a mistake during the first day on the job. (=to criticize someone severely for personal failings) 不必猛批第一天上班出錯之人. 媒體英文總複習 (1c): 猛烈批評或口頭攻擊(某人) to castigate sy (=to criticize severely or with drastic severity). those poems in which he castigates man’s general inhumanity and lack of sincerity. 他的詩猛烈批擊人類之不人道與無誠信. Castigated him for his constant tardiness (=to subject to severe criticism/to criticize sy severely especially for personal failings) 猛烈攻擊他永遠慢吞吞. The author castigated the prime minister as an ineffective leader. 作者猛批首相無效率. The judge castigated the lawyers for their lack of preparation. 法官猛批律師們未準備. A newspaper editorial castigating the city council for approving the project in the first place. (=to criticize harshly and usually publicly) 報紙社論猛批市議會先快速通過企劃案. 媒體英文總複習 (1b): *砲轟/責罵 vt. to blast sy (=to criticize vigorously/to denounce). to blast vi. away at sy (=to attack vigorously). 例. In his campaign speech he really blasts (vt.) the other party. 他的競選演說砲轟另一個政黨. He blasted away at the false idealism of his opponents. (to blast away vi. =to attack with vigor) 他砲轟對手們之理想主義. His own lack of hesitation in --- blasting any and all dignitaries. (=to denounce vigorously)他不假思索責罵名流們 (神注: 此字有罵之定義 to curse vt.). Blasting their opponents in the media (=to attack vigorously) 砲轟媒體中之對手. Blasted the new governor for every little misstep (=to criticize harshly and usually publicly) 砲轟新州長之每步小錯. 媒體英文總複習 (1a): 猛烈批評 (to criticize severely) 或口頭攻擊 (to attack verbally) 有11個英文動詞可用.** to castigate sy =to chastise sy (=to criticize severely) to berate sy (=to criticize hatefully) to blast sy (=to criticize vigorously/to denounce) a blast (=a vigorous or violent outburst of criticism) 　 to fade vt. 定義與用法舉例 (9): 使失去艷麗- to fade vt. (=to cause to lose brightness etc.). 例: Sunshine faded the drapes. 日光使窗簾失去艷麗. 例: Years of harsh sunlight had faded the car, which was once fire engine red. (=to make white or whiter by removing color.) 數年烈陽已使汽車火紅顏色不再豔麗(變白).- 使失去新鮮或活力 to fade vt. (=to cause to lose freshness or vitality =to wither). 例: Time has not completely faded the humor of these verses.時間未讓詩句之喜樂蘊涵盡失. 10/14/2020 (Wednesday) 神農子編著.